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==References== '''Citations''' {{Reflist|30em}} '''Sources''' {{refbegin}} *Chazelle, C. “Exegesis in the Ninth-Century Eucharistic Controversy.” In ''The Study of the Bible in the Carolingian Era''. Ed. C. Chazelle and B. van Name Edwards. pp. 167–87. Turnhout: Brepols, 2003. *Chazelle, C. “The Eucharist in Early Medieval Europe,” in ''A Companion to the Eucharist in the Middle Ages,'' ed. Ian Levy, Gary Macy, and Kristen Van Ausdall. Leiden: Brill, 2011, pp. 205–49. *Dutton, Paul Edward, ed. and trans. "Ratramnus and the Dog-Headed Humans." In ''Carolingian Civilization: A Reader''. 2nd Ed. Readings in Medieval Civilization and Cultures 1. pp. 452–55. Ontario: Broadview Press, 2004. *Fahey, John J. “The Eucharistic Teaching of Ratramnus of Corbie.” Unpublished PhD diss. (St. Mary of the Lake Seminary, 1951). *Ginther, James. ''Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology'', Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009. *McCracken, G.E., ed. ''Early Medieval Theology'', Library of Christian Classics, vol. 9. Louisville: KY, 1957. *Otten, Willemien. "Between Augustinian sign and Carolingian reality: the presence of Ambrose and Augustine in the Eucharistic debate between Paschasius Radbertus and Ratramnus of Corbie." ''Nederlands archief voor kerkgeschiedenis'' 80, no. 2 (2000): 137-156. *Phelan, Owen M. "Horizontal and Vertical Theologies: "Sacraments" in the Works of Paschasius Radbertus and Ratramnus of Corbie" Harvard Theological Review 103:3 (2010) 271-289. *Ratramnus, ''De corpore et sanguine Domini: texte original et notice bibliographique,'' ed. J. N. Bakhuizen Van Den Brink, 2nd ed. Amsterdam and London: North-Holland, 1974. *Roberts, Timothy Roland. “A translation and critical edition of Ratramnus of Corbie's ''De Predestinatione dei''. Unpublished PhD diss. (University of Missouri, Columbia, 1977). *Steel, Karl. ''How to Make a Human: Animals and Violence in the Middle Ages'', Columbia: Ohio State University Press, 2011. *Tanghe, W.V. “Ratramnus of Corbie’s Use of the Fathers in his Treatise De corpore et sanguine Domini.” ''[[Studia Patristica]]'' 17, no. 1 (1982): 176-80. *Zirkel, Patricia McCormick. "The Ninth-Century Eucharistic Controversy: A Context for the Beginnings of Eucharistic Doctrine in the West." ''Worship'' 68, no. 1 (1994): 2-23. {{refend}}
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