Editing Quinine (section)

==Mechanism of action==
{{missing information|section|cramp mechanism; MAOI action aforementioned|date=December 2022}}
Quinine is used for its [[toxicity]] to the malarial pathogen, ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]'', by interfering with its ability to dissolve and metabolize [[hemoglobin]].<ref name=AHFS2020/><ref>{{Cite DrugBank |drug=Quinine|id=DB00468 }}</ref> As with other quinoline antimalarial drugs, the precise [[mechanism of action]] of quinine has not been fully resolved, although [[in vitro]] studies indicate it inhibits [[nucleic acid]] and protein synthesis, and inhibits [[glycolysis]] in ''P. falciparum''.<ref name=AHFS2020/> The most widely accepted hypothesis of its action is based on the well-studied and closely related quinoline drug, [[chloroquine]]. This model involves the inhibition of [[hemozoin]] [[biocrystallization]] in the [[Heme ligase|heme detoxification]] pathway, which facilitates the aggregation of [[cytotoxic]] [[heme]].{{medcn|date=May 2020}} Free cytotoxic heme accumulates in the parasites, causing their deaths.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Foley M, Tilley L | title = Quinoline antimalarials: mechanisms of action and resistance | journal = International Journal for Parasitology | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 231–240 | date = February 1997 | pmid = 9088993 | doi = 10.1016/s0020-7519(96)00152-x }}</ref> Quinine may target the malaria [[purine nucleoside phosphorylase]] enzyme.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/quinine-s-target |title=Quinine's Target | vauthors = Lowe D |author-link=Derek Lowe |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=22 January 2019 |access-date=28 January 2019 }}</ref>