Editing Queen Anne's War (section)

==Peace==
[[File:Nouvelle-France map-en.svg|thumb|275px|Map of European colonies in North America. Areas in purple were territories France ceded to England in the [[Treaty of Utrecht]], the peace treaty that concluded the war.]]
In 1712, Britain and France declared an armistice, and a final peace agreement was signed the following year. Under terms of the 1713 [[Treaty of Utrecht]], Britain gained Acadia (which they renamed [[Nova Scotia]]), sovereignty over [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], the [[Hudson Bay]] region, and the [[Caribbean]] island of [[St. Kitts]]. France recognized British [[suzerainty]] over the Iroquois<ref name=Pk74/> and agreed that commerce with Indigenous peoples farther inland would be open to all nations.<ref>Marshall, p. 1155</ref> It retained all of the islands in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, including [[Cape Breton Island]], and retained fishing rights in the area, including rights to dry fish on the [[French Shore|northern shore]] of Newfoundland.<ref>Prowse, p. 258</ref>

By the later years of the war, many Abenakis had tired of the conflict despite French pressures to continue raids against New England targets. The peace of Utrecht, however, had ignored Indigenous interests, and some Abenaki expressed willingness to negotiate a peace with the New Englanders.<ref>Morrison, pp. 161–162</ref> Governor Dudley organized a major peace conference at [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]] (of which he was also governor). In negotiations there and at [[Casco Bay]], the Abenakis objected to British assertions that the French had ceded to Britain the territory of eastern Maine and [[New Brunswick]], but they agreed to a confirmation of boundaries at the [[Kennebec River]] and the establishment of government-run trading posts in their territory.<ref>Morrison, pp. 162–163</ref> The [[Treaty of Portsmouth (1713)|Treaty of Portsmouth]] was ratified on July 13, 1713, by eight representatives of some of the communities of the Wabanaki Confederacy; however, it included language asserting British sovereignty over their territory.<ref>Calloway, pp. 107–110</ref> Over the next year, other Abenaki tribal leaders also signed the treaty, but no Mi'kmaq ever signed it or any other treaty until 1726.<ref>Reid, pp. 97–98</ref>