Editing Pudu (section)

==Status and conservation==

The southern pudu is currently listed as near threatened on the [[IUCN Red List]],<ref name=iucn/> mainly because of overhunting and habitat loss, while the northern pudu is currently classified as being 'Data deficient'.<ref name=iucn1/> ''Pudu puda'' is listed in [[CITES]] Appendix I, and ''Pudu mephistophiles'' is listed in CITES Appendix II.<ref>[http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml CITES Appendix I, II, and III]</ref> The southern species is more easily maintained in captivity than the northern, though small populations of the northern formerly existed in zoos.<ref name="placentation.ucsd.edu" /> {{as of|2010}}, more than 100 southern pudús are kept at [[International Species Information System|Species360]]-registered institutions with the vast majority in [[List of zoos#Europe|European]] and [[List of zoos in the United States|US zoos]].<ref>[[International Species Information System|Species360]] (2010) ''[https://app.isis.org/abstracts/Abs77815.asp Pudu puda.]'' Version 27 October 2010</ref> Pudús are difficult to transport because they are easily overheated and stressed.<ref name="cites.org" /> Pudús are protected in various national parks; parks require resources to enforce protection of the deer.<ref name=SouthernPuduIOLOE/>

[[File:Bristol.zoo.southern.pudu.arp.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A small deer standing in grass in an open grassed pen in a zoo|Southern pudú in captivity at [[Bristol Zoo]]]]

Efforts to preserve the pudú species are being taken in order to prevent extinction. An international captive-breeding program for the southern pudú led by [[Universidad de Concepcion]] in Chile has been started.<ref name="Bristol Zoo" /><ref>{{cite iucn |author=Silva-Rodríguez, E. |author2=Pastore, H. |author3=Jiménez, J. |date=2016 |title=''Pudu puda'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T18848A22164089 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T18848A22164089.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> Some deer have been bred in captivity and reintroduced into [[Nahuel Huapi National Park]] in Argentina.<ref name="cites.org" /> Reintroduction efforts include the use of [[tracking collar|radio collars]] for tracking.<ref name="Chilean Pudu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mnzoo.com/animals/animals_pudu.asp|title=Chilean Pudu|year=2009|publisher=Minnesota Zoo|access-date=17 September 2009}}</ref> The [[Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species]] has banned the international trading of pudús.<ref name=SouthernPuduIOLOE/> The [[Wildlife Conservation Society]] protects their natural habitat and works to recreate it for pudús in captivity.<ref name="nypost.com"/> Despite efforts made by the [[World Wildlife Fund]], the size of the pudú population remains unknown.<ref name="animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu" /> Threats to the pudús remain despite various conservation efforts.<ref name=SouthernPuduIOLOE/>

===Threats===
Pudús are threatened due to the [[habitat destruction|destruction]] of their rainforest habitat. The land is cleared for human development, cattle ranching, agriculture, logging, and exotic tree plantations.<ref name="Animal Planet" /><ref name="Bristol Zoo" /><ref name=SouthernPuduIOLOE/>
[[Habitat fragmentation]] and road accidents cause pudú deaths. They are taken from the wild as pets, as well as exported illegally.<ref name="cites.org" /><ref name=SouthernPuduIOLOE/>
They are overhunted and killed for food by specially trained hunting dogs.<ref name="Animal Planet" /><ref name=SouthernPuduIOLOE/><ref name="Chilean Pudu" />
The recently [[Introduced species|introduced]] [[red deer]] compete with pudús for food. Domestic dogs prey upon pudús and transfer [[parasite]]s through contact. Pudús are very susceptible to diseases such as bladder worms, [[lungworm]]s, [[roundworm]]s, and [[heartworms]].<ref name=SouthernPuduIOLOE/><ref name="nypost.com" />