Editing Ptolemy (section)

=== Other astronomical works ===
The ''Analemma'' is a short treatise where Ptolemy provides a method for specifying the location of the Sun in three pairs of locally oriented coordinate arcs as a function of the declination of the Sun, the terrestrial latitude, and the hour. The key to the approach is to represent the solid configuration in a plane diagram that Ptolemy calls the ''[[analemma]]''.<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/pdf/10.1484/M.PALS-EB.5.120173 | doi=10.1484/M.PALS-EB.5.120173 | chapter=Mathematical Methods in Ptolemy's ''Analemma'' | title=Ptolemy's Science of the Stars in the Middle Ages | date=2020 | last1=Sidoli | first1=Nathan | pages=35–77 | isbn=978-2-503-58639-7 | s2cid=242599669 }}</ref>

In another work, the ''Phaseis'' (''Risings of the Fixed Stars''), Ptolemy gave a ''parapegma'', a star [[calendar]] or [[almanac]], based on the appearances and disappearances of stars over the course of the solar year.<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1=Evans |first1=James
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if9ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA286
 |title=Geminos's Introduction to the Phenomena: A translation and study of a Hellenistic survey of astronomy
 |last2=Berggren |first2=J. Lennart
 |date=5 June 2018
 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18715-0
}}
</ref>

The ''[[Planisphaerium]]'' ({{Langx|el|Ἅπλωσις ἐπιφανείας σφαίρας}}, {{Lit|Flattening of the sphere}}) contains 16&nbsp;propositions dealing with the projection of the celestial circles onto a plane. The text is lost in Greek (except for a fragment) and survives in Arabic and Latin only.<ref>
{{cite book
 |last=Juste |first=D.
 |year=2021
 |title=Ptolemy, ''Planispherium. Ptolemaeus Arabus et Latinus'', Works
 |url=https://ptolemaeus.badw.de/work/152?mark=%28%3Fis%29%28Planispherium%29
}}
</ref>

Ptolemy also erected an inscription in a temple at [[Canopus, Egypt|Canopus]], around 146–147&nbsp;AD, known as the ''Canobic Inscription''. Although the inscription has not survived, someone in the sixth century transcribed it, and manuscript copies preserved it through the Middle Ages. It begins: "To the saviour god, Claudius Ptolemy (dedicates) the first principles and models of astronomy", following by a catalogue of numbers that define a system of celestial mechanics governing the motions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars.<ref>
{{cite journal
 |last=Jones |first=A.
 |year=2005
 |title=Ptolemy's ''Canobic Inscription'' and Heliodorus' observation reports
 |journal=SciAMVS
 |volume=6 |pages=53–97
 |url=https://www.sciamvs.org/files/SCIAMVS_06_053-097_Jones.pdf
}}
</ref>

In 2023, archaeologists were able to read a manuscript which gives instructions for the construction of an astronomical tool called a ''[[meteoroscope]]'' ({{math|μετεωροσκόπιον}} or {{math|μετεωροσκοπεῖον}}). The text, which comes from an eighth-century manuscript which also contains Ptolemy's ''Analemma'', was identified on the basis of both its content and linguistic analysis as being by Ptolemy.<ref>
{{cite news
 |first=Jennifer |last=Nalewicki
 |date=7 April 2023
 |title=Hidden Ptolemy text, printed beneath a Latin manuscript, deciphered after 200&nbsp;years
 |website=Live Science
 |url=https://www.livescience.com/hidden-ptolemy-text-printed-beneath-a-latin-manuscript-deciphered-after-200-years
}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite journal
 |first1=Victor    |last1=Gysembergh     |first2=Alexander |last2=Jones
 |first3=Emanuel   |last3=Zingg          |first4=Pascal    |last4=Cotte
 |first5=Salvatore |last5=Apicella
 |date=1 March 2023
 |title=Ptolemy's treatise on the meteoroscope recovered
 |journal=[[Archive for History of Exact Sciences]]
 |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=221–240
 |doi=10.1007/s00407-022-00302-w
 |s2cid=257453722 |doi-access=free
}}</ref>

Ptolemy is also though to have produced his [[Table of Noteworthy Cities (Ptolemy)|Table of Noteworthy Cities]] as an aid to his [[Handy Tables|astronomical tables]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Defaux |first=Olivier |title=The Iberian peninsula in Ptolemy's geography: origins of the coordinates and textual history |date=2017 |publisher=PRO BUSINESS digital printing Deutschland GmbH |place=Berlin |isbn=9783981638462}} pp.122-6</ref>