Editing Psychosurgery (section)

===Europe===

In the 20-year period 1971–1991 the Committee on Psychosurgery in the Netherlands and Belgium oversaw 79 operations.<ref name="RCPsy"/> Since 2000 there has been only one centre in Belgium performing psychosurgery, carrying out about 8 or 9 operations a year (some capsulotomies and some DBS), mostly for OCD.<ref name="Sachdev"/>

In France about five people a year were undergoing psychosurgery in the early 1980s.<ref>{{cite news |title=La neurochirurgie fonctionnelle d'affections psychiatriques sévères |trans-title=Functional neurosurgery of severe psychiatric conditions |publisher=[[Comité Consultatif National d'Ethique]] |date=2002-04-25 |url=http://www.ccne-ethique.fr/docs/fr/avis071.pdf |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720211020/http://www.ccne-ethique.fr/docs/fr/avis071.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-20 }}</ref>
In 2005 the Health Authority recommended the use of ablative psychosurgery and DBS for OCD.<ref>{{cite news |first=S. |last=Wainrib |title=Psychiatrie; vers le nouveau 'sujet toc' |work=Le Monde |date=6 December 2006}}</ref>

In the early 2000s in Spain about 24 psychosurgical operations (capsulotomy, cingulotomy, subcaudate tractotomy, and hypothalamotomy) a year were being performed. OCD was the most common diagnosis, but psychosurgery was also being used in the treatment of anxiety and schizophrenia, and other disorders.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

In the UK between the late 1990s and 2009 there were just two centres using psychosurgery: a few stereotactic anterior capsulotomies are performed every year at the [[University Hospital of Wales]], Cardiff, while anterior cingulotomies are carried out by the Advanced Interventions Service at [[Ninewells Hospital]], Dundee. The patients have diagnoses of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety. Ablative psychosurgery was not performed in England between the late 1990s and 2009,<ref name="RCPsy"/> although a couple of hospitals have been experimenting with DBS.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4625775.stm |title=Brain pacemaker lifts depression |work=BBC News |date=27 June 2005 |access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref> In 2010, [[Frenchay Hospital]] in Bristol performed an anterior cingulotomy on a woman who had previously undergone DBS.<ref>{{cite web |author=Care Quality Commission |year=2010 |url=http://www.cqc.org.uk/_.../CQC_Monitoring_the_use_of_the_Mental_Health_Act_in_200910_Main_report_Tagged.pdf |title=Monitoring the use of the Mental Health Act in 2009/10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720103133/http://www.cqc.org.uk/_.../CQC_Monitoring_the_use_of_the_Mental_Health_Act_in_200910_Main_report_Tagged.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-20 |page=93}}</ref>

In Russia in 1998 the Institute of the Human Brain ([[Russian Academy of Sciences]]) started a programme of stereotactic cingulotomy for the treatment of drug addiction. About 85 people, all under the age of 35, were operated on annually.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1023/A:1024945927301 | last1 = Medvedev | first1 = S. V. | last2 = Anichkov | first2 = A. D. | last3 = Polykov | first3 = Y. I. | year = 2003 | title = Physiological mechanisms of the effectiveness of bilateral stereotactic cingulotomy against strong psychological dependence in drug addicts | journal = Human Physiology | volume = 29 | issue = 4| pages = 492–497 | s2cid = 27264612 }}</ref> In the <!--not "former": this is a historical statement-->Soviet Union, leucotomies were used for the treatment of schizophrenia in the 1940s, but the practice was prohibited by the Ministry of Health in 1950.<ref name="Lichterman">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lichterman | first1 = B. L. | year = 1993 | title = On the history of psychosurgery in Russia | journal =   Acta Neurochirurgica| volume = 125 | issue = 1–4| pages = 1–4 | doi=10.1007/bf01401819 | pmid=8122532| s2cid = 189764136 }}</ref>