Editing Pride (section)

=== Hubris and group narcissism ===
{{Main|Hubris}}{{See also|Group narcissism}}
Hubris is associated with more intra-individual negative outcomes and {{clarify|text=is commonly related to|date=September 2023}} expressions of aggression and hostility.<ref>Tangney, 1999</ref>{{full citation needed|date=September 2023}} Hubris is not necessarily associated with high [[self-esteem]] but with highly fluctuating or variable self-esteem. Excessive feelings of hubris tend to create conflict and sometimes to terminate close relationships, which has led it to be understood as one of the few emotions with no clear positive or adaptive functions.<ref>Rhodwalt, ''et al.''</ref>{{full citation needed|date=September 2023}}

A group that boasts, gloats, or denigrates others tends to become a group with low social status or to be vulnerable to threats from other groups.<ref>Study by UC Davis psychologist Cynthia Picket currently in revision</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2023}} "[H]ubristic, pompous displays of group pride might be a sign of group insecurity rather than a sign of strength,"{{cite quote|date=September 2023}} while those who express pride by being filled with [[humility]] whilst focusing on members' efforts and hard work tend to achieve high social standing in both the adult public and personal eyes.

Research from the [[University of Sydney]] found that hubristic pride correlates with arrogance and self-aggrandizement, and promotes [[prejudice]] and discrimination. But authentic pride is associated with self-confidence and accomplishment and promotes more positive attitudes toward outgroups and stigmatized individuals.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Claire|last=Ashton-James|year=2011|title=Pride and Prejudice: How Feelings About the Self Influence Judgments of Others|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51822831|access-date=8 February 2021|journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin|volume=38|number=4|pages=466–76|doi=10.1177/0146167211429449|pmid=22109249 |language=en}}</ref>