Editing Pope Pius IX (section)

=== Consistories ===
{{Main|Cardinals created by Pius IX}}
Pius IX created 122 new cardinals, of whom 64 were alive at his death; at the time membership in the [[College of Cardinals]] was limited to 70. Noteworthy elevations included Vincenzo Pecci (his eventual successor [[Leo XIII]]); [[Nicholas Wiseman]] of Westminster; the convert [[Henry Edward Manning]]; and [[John McCloskey]], the first American cardinal.{{sfn|Franzen|Bäumer|1988|p=364}}

According to Bishop Cipriano Calderón, the pope intended to make the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Morelia|Bishop of Michoacán]], [[Juan Cayetano Gómez de Portugal y Solís]], a cardinal in 1850 and even had Cardinal [[Giacomo Antonelli]] send a letter to him to express his intentions. He would have been the first Latin American cardinal had he not died before the next consistory. According to the [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] monk Guy-Marie Oury, a letter addressed by [[Prosper Guéranger]] to his Benedictine colleague Léandre Fonteinne on 6 March 1856 indicated that Guéranger had learned that Pius IX wanted to name him a cardinal in November 1855, but he refused the honor because he did not want to live in Rome. As a result, Pius IX made the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes|Bishop of La Rochelle]] Clément Villecourt a cardinal instead.<ref name=HRC>{{cite web|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/consistories-xix.htm#GregoryXVI|title=Pius IX (1846-1878)|publisher=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|date=|author=Salvador Miranda|accessdate=20 February 2022}}</ref>

On 22 August 1861, the pope informed the [[Patriarch of Venice]] [[Angelo Ramazzotti]] that he would name him a cardinal, however, Ramazzoti died three days before the consistory. Also in 1861, the [[Roman Rota|dean of the Sacred Rota]] Ignazio Alberghini declined the pope's offer of nomination into the Sacred College. In December 1863, Pius IX intended to elevate the [[List of archbishops of Gniezno and primates of Poland|Archbishop of Gniezno and Poznań]] [[Leon Michał Przyłuski]] to the cardinalate, but he died before the consistory took place. In 1866, Pius IX wanted to nominate a [[Barnabites|Barnabite]] to the College of Cardinals before he opened the First Vatican Council. While the pope originally decided on appointing [[Carlo Vercellone]], a noted biblical scholar, Vercellone refused due to his precarious health, instead proposing that Pius IX instead nominate [[Luigi Bilio]]. In 1868, Pius IX nominated Andre Pila to the cardinalate, however, he died the day before he would have been elevated as the only person for elevation in that April consistory. Also in 1868, Pius IX offered the cardinalate to the Bishop of Concepción [[José Hipólito Salas]] whom he had met during the First Vatican Council, inviting him to join the Roman Curia. However, the bishop preferred to live in Chile and declined the offer, while Pius IX did not offer it again in the future.<ref name=HRC/>

In 1875, Pius IX intended to nominate the papal [[almoner]] [[Xavier de Mérode]] to the Sacred College, however, he died just eight months before the consistory was to be held. Pius IX also decided to nominate {{ill|Augusto Negroni|pl}}, a longtime Curial official, but he declined and instead joined the [[Society of Jesus]] in mid-1874.<ref name=HRC/>