Editing Pope Paul V (section)

===Foreign relations===
[[File:0 Armoiries Paul V - Mosaïque dôme St-Pierre - Vatican.JPG|thumb|Mosaic depicting the arms of [[:w:Paulus V|Pope Paulus V (Camillo Borghese)]]]]

====Ecclesiastical jurisdiction====
{{Main|Venetian Interdict}}
Paul's insistence of ecclesiastical jurisdiction led to a number of quarrels between the Church and the secular governments of various states, notably [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], where patricians, such as Ermolao Barbaro (1548–1622) of the noble [[Barbaro family]], argued in favor of the exemption of the clergy from the jurisdiction of the civil courts. Venice passed two laws obnoxious to Paul, one forbidding the alienation of real estate in favour of the clergy, the second demanding approval of the civil power for the building of new churches.<ref name=Loughlin/> Two priests charged by the Venetian state with cruelty, wholesale poisoning, murder and licentiousness, were arrested by the [[Venetian Senate]] and put in dungeons for trial. Having been found guilty, they were committed to prison.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

Paul V insisted that they be released to the Church.  He demanded the release of the priests as not being amenable to the secular law. When this was refused, the Pope threatened an [[interdict]] on account of the property laws and the imprisonment of ecclesiastics, which threat was presented to the Senate on Christmas 1605.  The Venetian position was ably defended by a canon lawyer, [[Paolo Sarpi]], who extended the matter to general principles defining separate secular and ecclesiastical spheres. In April 1606 the Pope [[excommunication|excommunicated]] the entire government of Venice and placed an [[Venetian Interdict|interdict]] on the city.  Father Sarpi strongly advised the Venetian government to refuse to receive the Pope's interdict, and to reason with him while opposing force by force. The Venetian Senate willingly accepted this advice and Fra Paolo presented the case to Paul V, urging from history that the Pope's claim to intermeddle in civil matters was a usurpation; and that in these matters the Republic of Venice recognized no authority but that of God. The rest of the Catholic clergy sided with the city, with the exception of the [[Jesuits]], the [[Theatines]], and the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchins]]. The dissenting clergy were forthwith expelled from Venetian territories. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]]es continued to be said in Venice, and the feast of [[Corpus Christi (feast)|Corpus Christi]] was celebrated with displays of public pomp and "magnificence", in defiance of the Pope. Within a year (March 1607) the disagreement was mediated by [[Kingdom of France|France]] and [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]]. The Most Serene Republic refused to retract the laws, but asserted that Venice would conduct herself "with her ''accustomed piety''."  The Jesuits, which Venice considered subversive Papal agents, remained banned. No more could be expected. Paul withdrew his censure.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

The Venetian Republic rewarded Fra Paulo Sarpi, its successful canon lawyer, with the distinction of state counsellor in jurisprudence and the liberty of access to the state archives, which infuriated Pope Paul.  In September 1607, after unsuccessfully attempting to lure Father Sarpi to Rome, the Pope responded by putting out a contract on his life.<ref>Watson, J. Henry, ''The History of Fra Paolo Sarpi'', New York: La Croce (1911)</ref>  Father Sarpi was the target of at least two assassination plots in September and October. Stabbed three times with a [[stiletto]],<ref>Whitfield, John Humphreys and  Woodhouse, John Robert. ''A Short History of Italian Literature'', Manchester University Press, 1980, p. 187</ref> Fra Sarpi somehow managed to recover, while the assassins found refuge in the Papal States.<ref>Robertson, Alexander, ''Fra Paolo Sarpi: the Greatest of the Venetians'', London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co. (1893), pp. 114–117</ref>

====Relations with England====
Paul V's hard-edged Catholic diplomacy cut the ground from under moderate [[Catholics]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]]. His letter of 9 July 1606 to congratulate [[James I of England|James I]] on his accession to the throne was three years late and seemed to English eyes merely a preamble to what followed, and his reference to the [[Gunpowder Plot]], made against the life of the monarch and all the members of [[Parliament of England|Parliament]] the previous November, was unfortunate for the Papal cause, for Papal agents were considered by the English to have been involved (the effigy of Pope Paul V is still burnt every year during the [[Lewes Bonfire]] celebrations). However, the Pope in that letter pleaded with James not to make the innocent Catholics suffer for the crime of a few, and Paul V also promised to exhort all the Catholics of the realm to be submissive and loyal to their sovereign—in all things not opposed to the honour of God. The [[Oath of Allegiance (1606)|oath of allegiance]] James demanded of his subjects, however contained clauses to which no 17th-century Catholic could in conscience subscribe: the oath of allegiance was solemnly condemned in a brief published a matter of weeks later (22 September 1606, extended 23 August 1607). This condemnation served only to divide English Catholics. The other irritant (to the papacy) in English relations was Cardinal Bellarmine's letter to the English archpriest [[George Blackwell (priest)|George Blackwell]], reproaching him for having taken the oath of allegiance in apparent disregard of his duty to the Pope. The letter received enough circulation to be referred to in one of James's theological essays (1608), and Bellarmine was soon fencing in a pamphlet exchange with the king of England.
[[File:0 Basilique Saint-Pierre - Rome (2).JPG|thumb|right|300px|Facade of St. Peter's Basilica]]

====Relations with Japan====
[[File:San Juan Batista.jpg|thumb|left|Pope Paul V welcoming the embassy of the Japanese samurai [[Hasekura Tsunenaga]] in [[Rome]] in 1615.<br> Japanese painting, 17th century.]]
In November 1615, Paul V welcomed the embassy of the Japanese samurai [[Hasekura Tsunenaga]] in [[Rome]].<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Louis-Frédéric |last=Nussbaum |first= Louis-Frédéric|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA412 |page=412 |title=Japan Encyclopedia |isbn=9780674017535 |year=2002 |publisher=Harvard University Press }}</ref>

Hasekura gave the Pope a letter (from [[Date Masamune]]) which requested a trade treaty between Japan and [[New Spain]].  The letter also asked for Christian missionaries to be sent to Japan. The Pope agreed to the dispatch of missionaries, but left the decision for trade to the [[King of Spain]].

[[File:Emanuele Ne Vunda Sala dei Corazzieri Palazzo Ducale.jpg|thumb|upright|Painting of [[Emanuele Ne Vunda]], ambassador from [[Alvaro II]] to Pope Paul V in 1604–1608, Sala dei Corazzieri, [[Qurinal Palace]], [[Rome]], 1615–1616.]]