Editing Pope Clement XIV (section)

===Suppression of the Jesuits===
{{main|Suppression of the Society of Jesus }}
[[File:Clemente XIV a cavallo di fronte a Castelgandolfo.jpg|thumb|right|[[Equestrian portrait|Portrait]] of Clement XIV on horseback in the countryside around [[Palace of Castel Gandolfo|Castel Gandolfo]], {{circa|1770s}}]]
The Jesuits had been expelled from [[Colonial Brazil|Brazil]] (1754), Portugal (1759), France (1764), [[Spanish Empire|Spain and its colonies]] (1767), and [[Duchy of Parma|Parma]] (1768). With the accession of a new pope, the Bourbon monarchs pressed for the Society's total suppression. Clement XIV tried to placate their enemies by apparent unfriendly treatment of the Jesuits: he refused to meet the [[Superior General of the Society of Jesus|superior general]], [[Lorenzo Ricci]], removed it from the administration of the [[Pontifical Irish College|Irish]] and [[Roman College]]s, and ordered them not to receive novices, etc.<ref name=Mccoog>{{cite web| url = https://www.thinkingfaith.org/articles/jesuit-restoration-part-two-society-under-clement-xiv| title = McCoog SJ, Thomas M., "Jesuit Restoration - Part Two: The Society under Clement XIV", ''Thinking Faith'', 14 August 2014}}</ref>

The pressure kept building up to the point that Catholic countries were threatening to break away from the Church. Clement XIV ultimately yielded "in the name of peace of the Church and to avoid a secession in Europe" and suppressed the Society of Jesus by the brief ''[[Dominus ac Redemptor]]'' of 21 July 1773.<ref>Markus Friedrich, ''The Jesuits: A History'' (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022), pp. 575-76, 605-06.</ref>  However, in non-Catholic nations, particularly in [[Prussia]] and [[Russian Empire|Russia]], where papal authority was not recognized, the order was ignored. It was a result of a series of political moves rather than a theological controversy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roehner |first=Bertrand M. |title=Jesuits and the State: A Comparative Study of their Expulsions (1590–1990) |journal=Religion |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=165–182 |year=1997 |doi=10.1006/reli.1996.0048 }}</ref>