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==Sources== *{{cite book |last1=Benson |first1=Robert Louis |first2=Robert Charles |last2=Figueira |title=Plenitude of power: the doctrines and exercise of authority in the Middle Ages |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Ltd |year=2006 }} *{{cite journal |last1=Lower |first1=Michael |title=The Papacy and Christian Mercenaries of Thirteenth-Century North Africa |journal=Speculum |year=2014 |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=601β631 |doi=10.1017/S0038713414000761 |jstor=43577030 |s2cid=154773840 }} *{{cite journal |title=Crusade in Al-Andalus: The Eleventh Century formation of the Reconquista as an Ideology |first=Roberto |last=Marin-GuzmΓ‘n |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=31| issue = 3 (Autumn) |year=1992 |pages=287β318}} *{{cite book |title=Lives of the Popes |first=Richard P. |last=McBrien |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |year=2000 }} *{{cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=I. S |title=The Papacy, 1073β1198: Continuity and Innovation |date=1990 |isbn=978-1-139-16777-2 |oclc=1172526387 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139167772 }} *{{cite book |title=A History of the Crusades |volume=3: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades |first=Steven |last=Runciman |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 }} *{{cite journal |last1=Tartakoff |first1=Paola |title=Testing Boundaries: Jewish Conversion and Cultural Fluidity in Medieval Europe, c. 1200-1391 |journal=Speculum |year=2015 |volume=90 |issue=3 |pages=728β762 |doi=10.1017/S0038713415001402 |jstor=43577434 |s2cid=155265107 }} *{{cite book |title=The Conclave: A Sometimes Secret and Occasionally Bloody History of Papal Elections |first=Michael J. |last=Walsh |publisher=Canterbury Press Norwich |year=2003 }} *{{cite book |last=Wickham |first=Chris |title=Medieval Rome: Stability & Crisis of a City, 900-1150 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 }} '''Attribution:''' * {{EB1911 |last=Rockwell |first=William Walker |wstitle=Clement/Clement III |display=Clement s.v. Clement III. |volume=6 |page= 483}}
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