Editing Plague (disease) (section)

=== Vaccination ===
Bacteriologist [[Waldemar Haffkine]] developed the first plague vaccine in 1897.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2020-12-11|title=Waldemar Haffkine: The vaccine pioneer the world forgot|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-55050012|access-date=2021-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=WALDEMAR MORDECAI HAFFKINE|url=http://www.haffkineinstitute.org/waldemar.htm|access-date=2021-01-20|website=[[Haffkine Institute]]}}</ref> He conducted a massive inoculation program in [[British India]], and it is estimated that 26 million doses of Haffkine's anti-plague vaccine were sent out from [[Bombay]] between 1897 and 1925, reducing the plague mortality by 50–85%.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hawgood|first=Barbara J.|date=February 2007|title=Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, CIE (1860–1930): prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17356724/|journal=Journal of Medical Biography|volume=15|issue=1|pages=9–19|doi=10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-59|issn=0967-7720|pmid=17356724|s2cid=42075270|via=}}</ref>

Since human plague is rare in most parts of the world as of 2023, routine vaccination is not needed other than for those at particularly high risk of exposure, nor for people living in areas with [[enzootic]] plague, meaning it occurs at regular, predictable rates in populations and specific areas, such as the western United States. It is not even indicated for most travellers to countries with known recent reported cases, particularly if their travel is limited to urban areas with modern hotels. The United States [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] thus only recommends vaccination for (1) all laboratory and field personnel who are working with ''Y. pestis'' organisms resistant to antimicrobials: (2) people engaged in aerosol experiments with ''Y. pestis''; and (3) people engaged in field operations in areas with enzootic plague where preventing exposure is not possible (such as some disaster areas).<ref>{{cite web|title=Plague Vaccine |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00041848.htm|publisher=CDC|date=June 11, 1982|access-date=Apr 30, 2015}}</ref> A systematic review by the [[Cochrane Collaboration]] found no studies of sufficient quality to make any statement on the efficacy of the vaccine.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jefferson T, Demicheli V, Pratt M |title=Vaccines for preventing plague |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=2 |pages=CD000976 |year=2000 |volume=1998 |pmid=10796565 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000976 |editor1-last=Jefferson |editor1-first=Tom |pmc=6532692 }}</ref>