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== Bibliography == {{refbegin|30em}} === Books === * {{cite book|last1=Anderson|first1=John Malcolm|last2=Anderson|first2=Heidi M.|last3=Cleal|first3=Christopher J.|title=Brief History of the Gymnosperms: Classification, Biodiversity, Phytogeography and Ecology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0VFAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=[[South African National Biodiversity Institute]]|isbn=978-1-919976-39-6}} * {{cite book|last=Benson|first=Lyman David|title=Plant Classification|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3RkAAAAMAAJ|year=1957|publisher=Heath}} ** {{cite book|last=Benson|first=Lyman David|title=Plant Classification|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDVFAQAAIAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Heath|isbn=978-0-669-01489-1|edition=2nd)}} * {{cite book|last1=Bentham|first1=G.|last2=Hooker|first2=J.D.|author-link1=George Bentham|author-link2=Joseph Dalton Hooker| title=Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita|format=3 vols.|year=1862–1883|publisher=L Reeve & Co.|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/747#/summary|volume=3(1) 1880|chapter=Gymnospermeae|pages=417–447|language=la}} * {{cite book |last1=Brongniart |first1=Adolphe |author-link=Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart|title=Histoire des végétaux fossiles, ou, Recherches botaniques et géologiques sur les végétaux renfermés dans les diverses couches du globe 2 vols. |date=1828–1837 |publisher=G. Dufour et Ed. d'Ocagne |location=Paris |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/60992#/summary|volume=i 1828|page=22}} * {{cite book|last=Eckenwalder|first=James E.|title=Conifers of the World: The Complete Reference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGmO_CtTPAEC|date= 2009|publisher=[[Timber Press]]|isbn=978-0-88192-974-4}} * {{cite book|last1=Engler|first1=Adolf|author-link=Adolf Engler|title=Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: eine Übersicht über das gesamte Pflanzensystem mit Berücksichtigung der Medicinal- und Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und Studien über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik|date=1903|orig-year=1892|publisher=[[Gebrüder Borntraeger]] Verlag|location=Berlin|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/22956#/summary|edition=3rd|pages=70–75|chapter=Gymnospermae|language=de}} * {{cite book|editor1-last=Engler|editor1-first=Adolf|editor2-last=Prantl|editor2-first=Karl|editor-link1=Adolf Engler|editor-link2=Karl Anton Prantl|title=Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten|date=1924|orig-year=1887–1915|language=de|volume=21 parts (Abteilungen)|publisher=Duncker & Humblot |location=Berlin|url=https://www.duncker-humblot.de/search/result?schnellsuche=Die+nat%C3%BCrlichen+Pflanzenfamilien|edition=2nd}}, see also [[Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien]] ** {{cite book |last1=Pilger |first1=Robert |author-link=Robert Pilger|title=Klasse Coniferae |date=1926 |pages=121–403}}, in {{harvtxt|Engler|Prantl|1924}} vol. 13 Gymnospermae * {{cite book|last1=Debreczy|first1=Zsolt|last2=Rácz|first2=István|title=Conifers Around the World: Conifers of the Temperate Zones and Adjacent Regions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BZrJMwEACAAJ|year=2011|publisher=DendroPress|isbn=978-963-219-061-7}} * {{cite book|last=Farjon|first=Aljos|author-link=Aljos Farjon|title=World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XXwAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|orig-year=1998|edition=2nd|publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]|isbn=978-1-84246-025-2}} * {{cite book|last=Farjon|first=Aljos|author-mask=1|title=A Handbook of the World's Conifers (2 Vols.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nqkKTQcGOtYC|date= 2010|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|isbn=978-90-04-17718-5}} * {{cite book|last1=Farjon|first1=Aljos|author-link1=Aljos Farjon|author-mask=1|last2=Filer|first2=Denis|title=An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uUNWAgAAQBAJ|date= 2013|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|isbn=978-90-04-21181-0}} * {{cite book |last1=Gorozhankin |first1=Ivan Nikolaevich |author-link=:ru:Горожанкин, Иван Николаевич|title=Лекции по морфологии и систематики архегониальных растений (Lekts. Morf. Sist. Archegon. Lectures on the morphology and taxonomy of archegonial plants) |date=1904 |publisher=Русская" типо-литография|location=Moscow|page=88|language=ru}}, ''see also'' {{cite book|last=Горожанкин|first=Иван Николаевич|title=Морфология и систематика архегониальных растений: лекции профессора И.Н. Горожанкина 1894-95 г. Gymnaspermae (Archispermae). Часть III|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q-sEKlPRdmcC|year=1895|publisher="Русская" типо-литография}} * {{cite book|last=Lindley|first=John|author-link=John Lindley|title=An introduction to the natural system of botany: or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution, of the whole vegetable kingdom: together with the uses of the most important species in medicine, the arts, and rural or domestic economy|year=1830|publisher=[[Longman]]|location=London|edition=1st|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7551#/summary|chapter=General view|page=xxxv}} * {{cite book|last=Lindley|first=John|author-link=John Lindley|title=The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system|publisher=Bradbury & Evans|location=London|date=1853|orig-year=1846|edition=3rd.|url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/95459#/summary|chapter=Gymnogens|pages=221–234}} * {{cite book|editor-last1=Plomion|editor-first1=Christophe|editor-last2=Bousquet|editor-first2=Jean|editor-last3=Kole|editor-first3=Chittaranjan|title=Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Conifers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jjRS3tdd8OQC|date= 2011|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|isbn=978-1-57808-719-8|ref={{harvid|Plomion et al|2011}}}} ** {{cite book |last1=Gernandt |first1=David S |last2=Willyard |first2=Ann |last3=Syring |first3=John V |last4=Liston |first4=Aaron |title=The Conifers (Pinophyta) |date=2011 |pages=1–39 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291902263|ref={{harvid|Gernandt et al|2011}}}}, in {{harvtxt|Plomion et al|2011}} === Encyclopaedias === * {{cite encyclopedia |last1= Delevoryas |first1=T |title= Gymnosperm |url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/gymnosperm|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=6 August 2020 |date=13 April 2015}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last1= Eckenwalder|first1=James Emory |title= Conifer |url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/conifer|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=27 July 2020 |date=3 September 2008}} === Articles === * {{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Robert |author-link=Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|title=LIV. Character and description of Kingia, a new genus of plants found on the South-west coast of New Holland: with observations on the structure of its unimpregnated ovulum; and on the female flower of Cycadeœ and Coniferœ |journal=[[The Philosophical Magazine]] |date=31 May 1826 |volume=67 |issue=337 |pages=352–361 |doi=10.1080/14786442608674070|url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/en/records/item/15690-character-and-description-of-kingia}} * {{cite journal |last1=Brunsfeld |first1=Steven J. |last2=Soltis |first2=Pamela S. |last3=Soltis |first3=Douglas E. |last4=Gadek |first4=Paul A. |last5=Quinn |first5=Christopher J. |last6=Strenge |first6=Darren D. |last7=Ranker |first7=Tom A. |title=Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Genera of Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae: Evidence from rbcL Sequences |journal=[[Systematic Botany]] |date=April 1994 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=253 |doi=10.2307/2419600|jstor=2419600 |ref={{harvid|Brunsfield et al|1994}}}} * {{cite journal |last1=Chamberlain |first1=Charles Joseph |title=The Gymnosperms |journal=[[The Botanical Review]] |date=June 1935 |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=183–209 |doi=10.1007/BF02872502 |s2cid=39793752 |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02872502.pdf}} * {{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Mark W|last2=Reveal|first2=James L|author-link1=Mark W Chase|author-link2=James L Reveal|title=A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III|journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]]|date=2009|volume=161|issue=2|pages=122–127|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x|doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Christenhusz |first1=M. J. M. |author-link1=Maarten J. M. Christenhusz|last2=Reveal |first2=J. L. |author-link2=James Reveal|last3=Farjon |first3=A. |author-link3=Aljos Farjon|last4=Gardner |first4=M. F. |last5=Mill |first5=R. R. |last6=Chase |first6=M. W. |author-link6=M.W.Chase|title=A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms |journal=[[Phytotaxa]] |date=18 February 2011 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=55–70 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.3|s2cid=86797396 |url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/28041/Christenhusz_2011_et_al_Phytotaxa19_Gymnosperms_55_70.pdf?sequence=2|ref={{harvid|Christenhusz et al|2011}}}} * {{cite journal|last1=Cronquist|first1=Arthur|author-link=Arthur Cronquist|title=The divisions and classes of plants|journal=[[The Botanical Review]]|date=October 1960|volume=26|issue=4|pages=425–482|doi=10.1007/BF02940572|s2cid=43144314}} * {{cite journal |last1=Cronquist |first1=Arthur |author-link1=Arthur Cronquist|last2=Takhtajan |first2=Armen |author-link2=Armen Takhtajan| last3=Zimmermann |first3=Walter |author-link3=Walter Max Zimmermann|title=On the Higher Taxa of Embryobionta |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=129–134 |date=1966|doi=10.2307/1217531 |jstor=1217531 |url=https://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_1969/embryobionta.pdf|ref={{harvid|Cronquist et al|1966}}}} * {{cite journal |last1=Davy |first1=J. Burtt |title=The classification of Coniferae II |journal=Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research |date=1937 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=122–123 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.forestry.a062697}} * {{cite journal |last1=De-Zhi |first1=Fu |last2=Yong |first2=Yang |last3=Guang-Hua |first3=Zhu |title=A New Scheme of Classification of Living Gymnosperms at Family Level |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265965810|journal=[[Kew Bulletin]] |date=2004 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=111 |doi=10.2307/4111081|jstor=4111081|ref={{harvid|De-Zhi et al|2004}} }} * {{cite journal |last1=De La Torre |first1=Amanda R. |last2=Piot |first2=Anthony |last3=Liu |first3=Bobin |last4=Wilhite |first4=Benjamin |last5=Weiss |first5=Matthew |last6=Porth |first6=Ilga |title=Functional and morphological evolution in gymnosperms: A portrait of implicated gene families |journal=Evolutionary Applications |date=January 2020 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=210–227 |doi=10.1111/eva.12839|pmid=31892953 |pmc=6935586 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Farjon |first1=Aljos |author-link=Aljos Farjon|title=The Kew Review: Conifers of the World |journal=[[Kew Bulletin]] |date=26 March 2018 |volume=73 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s12225-018-9738-5 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Lu |first1=Ying |last2=Ran |first2=Jin-Hua |last3=Guo |first3=Dong-Mei |last4=Yang |first4=Zu-Yu |last5=Wang |first5=Xiao-Quan |title=Phylogeny and Divergence Times of Gymnosperms Inferred from Single-Copy Nuclear Genes |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |date=15 September 2014 |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=e107679 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0107679|pmid=25222863 |pmc=4164646 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j7679L |ref={{harvid|Lu et al|2014}}|doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ran |first1=Jin-Hua |last2=Shen |first2=Ting-Ting |last3=Wang |first3=Ming-Ming |last4=Wang |first4=Xiao-Quan |title=Phylogenomics resolves the deep phylogeny of seed plants and indicates partial convergent or homoplastic evolution between Gnetales and angiosperms |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]] |date=27 June 2018 |volume=285 |issue=1881 |pages=20181012 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.1012|pmid=29925623 |pmc=6030518 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ran |first1=Jin-Hua |last2=Shen |first2=Ting-Ting |last3=Wu |first3=Hui |last4=Gong |first4=Xun |last5=Wang |first5=Xiao-Quan |title=Phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pinaceae updated by transcriptomic analysis |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |date=December 2018 |volume=129 |pages=106–116 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.011|pmid=30153503 |s2cid=52110440 |ref={{harvid|Ran et al|2018}}}} * {{cite journal |last=Reveal|first=James L|author-link=James Reveal|title=Newly required suprageneric names in Magnoliophyta|journal=[[Phytologia]] |date=August 1995 |volume=79 |issue=2|pages=68–76|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47534152#page/80/mode/1up }} * {{cite journal |last1=Tomlinson |first1=P. B. |title=Rescuing Robert Brown—The Origins of Angio-Ovuly in Seed Cones of Conifers |journal=[[Botanical Review]] |date=2012 |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=310–334 |doi=10.1007/s12229-012-9104-5 |jstor=41809857|s2cid=5403322 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Xiao-Quan |last2=Ran |first2=Jin-Hua |title=Evolution and biogeography of gymnosperms |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |date=June 2014 |volume=75 |pages=24–40 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.005 |pmid=24565948 |s2cid=4662571 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260315554}} === Websites === * {{cite web |last1=Cole |first1=Theodor C. H. |last2=Bachelier |first2=Julien B |title=Tracheophyte Phylogeny Poster - Vascular Plants: Systematics and Characteristics, 2019 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323256014 |publisher=[[Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences]] (DCPS), Institute of Biology – Botany, Freie Universität Berlin |access-date=24 August 2020 |date=October 2019}} * {{cite web |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |author-link=Peter F. Stevens|date=2020|orig-year= 2001 |title= Pinales |website=[[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|AP Web v. 14]]|publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]]|url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/conifers.html#Pinales|access-date=28 July 2020}} (''see also'' [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]]) * {{cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Christopher J. |title=The Gymnosperm Database |url=https://www.conifers.org/ |date=2020}} * {{cite web |last1=Nagalingum |first1=Nathalie |last2=Burleigh |first2=Gordon |title=The Gymnosperm Phylogeny Group |url=http://2018.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail&aid=660 |website=Botany 2018 |publisher=[[Botanical Society of America]] |access-date=30 July 2020 |type=Abstract |date=2018}} * {{cite web |last1=Eckenwalder |first1=James E |title=Gymnosperm classification |url=http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/FNA/Volume/V01/_old/Chapter13.html |website=Flora of North America. Volume 1, Chapter 13 |access-date=11 August 2020 |date=2007}} {{refend}}
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