Editing Philippine Constabulary (section)

===Marcos martial law era===
President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] sought to have a strong personal influence over the Armed Forces, including the PC, as soon as he became president in 1965,<ref name="ParladeThesis">{{Cite book |last=Parlade |first=Antonio G. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/975223979 |title=An Analysis Of The Communist Insurgency In The Philippines. |publisher=Pickle Partners Publishing |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-78625-282-1 |location=San Francisco |oclc=975223979}}</ref><ref name="ParladeVeraFiles">{{Cite news |title=The military's obsession with UP: some historical notes |language=en |work=[[Vera Files]] |url=https://verafiles.org/articles/militarys-obsession-some-historical-notes |access-date=2021-08-02}}</ref>
<ref name="Celoza1997">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sp3U1oCNKlgC&q=celoza+sagittarius+soliman&pg=PA32 |title=Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism |last=Celoza |first=Albert F. |date=1997 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780275941376 }}</ref>{{rp|page="32"}} holding on to the portfolio of defense secretary in the first thirteen months of his presidency<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch10">{{Cite book |title=Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn |publisher=Asia Publishing Company Limited |year=1998 |editor-last=Magno |editor-first=Alexander R. |location=Hong Kong |chapter=Democracy at the Crossroads}}</ref> to develop what scholars have noted to be "a patronage system within the defense establishment."<ref name="Lee2015">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ob1TBgAAQBAJ&q=ilocanization+generals&pg=PA81 |title=Defect Or Defend: Military Responses to Popular Protests in Authoritarian Asia |last=Lee |first=Terence |date=January 2, 2015 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=9781421415161 }}</ref> The portfolio afforded him direct interaction with the AFP's leadership, and to have a hand in the AFP's day-to-day operationalization.<ref name="Berlin1982">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5z01nwEACAAJ |title=Prelude to Martial Law: An Examination of Pre-1972 Philippine Civil-military Relations |last=Berlin |first=Donald Lane |date=1982 }}</ref>

Upon the declaration of [[Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos|Martial Law]] in 1972, Marcos used the AFP as what the [[Davide Commission Report]] would later call his "martial law implementor,"<ref name="Davide Commission Report"/> and "one of the vital supports of the regime."<ref name="Davide Commission Report"/> Upon the announcement of Martial Law in 1972, one of their earliest tasks was that of quickly arresting and containing Marcos' political opponents.<ref name="OfficialGazetteDeclaration">{{cite web |url=http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph:80/featured/declaration-of-martial-law/ |title=Declaration of Martial Law |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708065018/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/declaration-of-martial-law/ |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |url-status=dead |access-date=September 9, 2018 }}</ref>  The AFP was given many other functions, including assisting in the implementation of price controls imposed on key products like corn and rice, enforcing the rules of the national corn procurement program, assisting in the collection of rural and government bank loans, implementing the agrarian reform law, and various police functions such as collecting unlicensed firearms and enforcing curfews, and suppressing strikes, rallies, and other demonstrations.<ref name="Davide Commission Report">{{cite web |date=1990-10-03 |title=II: Political Change and Military Transmition in the Philippines, 1966 – 1989: From the Barracks to the Corridors of Power |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/10/03/the-final-report-of-the-fact-finding-commission-ii-political-change-and-military-transmition-in-the-philippines-1966-1989-from-the-barracks-to-the-corridors-of-power/ |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref>

In 1975, the PC officially integrated the nation's municipal and city police, fire and penitentiary services, which from 1974 onward formed the Integrated National Police, into the service, thus the PC became the ''Philippine Constabulary-Integrated National Police'' (PC-INP), as per the provisions of Presidential Decree 765, enacted on August 8 the same year, that formally fused the two services into one joint service, with joint command resting with the Chief of the PC.

Civilian<ref name="McCoy199909202">{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html|title=Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime|date=September 20, 1999|publisher=[[Ateneo de Manila University]]}}</ref><ref name="Abinales&Amoroso20052">{{Cite book|title=State and society in the Philippines|last=N.|first=Abinales, P.|date=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0742510234|location=Lanham, MD|oclc=57452454}}</ref> and military<ref name="ParladeThesis"/> historians alike agree that "[[Human rights abuses during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos|human rights abuses]] by the troops became rampant"<ref name="ParladeThesis"/><ref name="ParladeVeraFiles"/> during the Marcos administration,<ref name="ParladeThesis"/> as documented by international monitoring entities such as [[Amnesty International]].<ref name="RachelAGReyes201604122">{{cite web|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/3257-fact-checking-the-marcos-killings-1975-1985/255735/|title=3,257: Fact checking the Marcos killings, 1975-1985 - The Manila Times Online|website=www.manilatimes.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-15|date=2016-04-12}}</ref> Units often specifically cited in these reported incidents include the [[Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command|Metrocom]] [[Metrocom Intelligence and Security Group|Intelligence and Security Group (MISG)]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/146867-look-back-philippine-constabulary-marcos|title=LOOK BACK: The Philippine Constabulary under Marcos|work=Rappler|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en}}</ref> and the 5th Constabulary Security Unit (5CSU)<ref name="McCoyPolicing">{{Cite book|title=Policing America's empire : the United States, the Philippines, and the rise of the surveillance state|last=W.|first=McCoy, Alfred|date=2009|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299234133|location=Madison, Wis.|oclc=550642875}}</ref> which were under the Philippine Constabulary,<ref name="AI1975">{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa35/019/1977/en/|title=REPORT OF AN AI MISSION TO THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES 1975}}</ref> as well as the Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP),<ref name="MMLNA">{{Cite book|title=Marcos Martial Law: Never Again|last=Robles|first=Raissa|publisher=FILIPINOS FOR A BETTER PHILIPPINES , INC|year=2016}}</ref> the Presidential Security Unit, and the [[National Intelligence and Security Agency (Somalia)|National Intelligence and Security Agency]] (NISA) were also accused of aiding these activities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/25/world/a-filipino-on-the-spot.html|title=A FILIPINO ON THE SPOT|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Aside from human rights abuses, these units were also accused of hounding media entities,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rosenberg|first=David A.|date=1974|title=Civil Liberties and the Mass Media under Martial Law in the Philippines|journal=Pacific Affairs|volume=47|issue=4|pages=472–484|doi=10.2307/2755948|jstor=2755948}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1982/12/08/085203.html|title=MANILA NEWSPAPER CLOSED BY MARCOS|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en}}</ref> corporate management,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.newsbreak-knowledge.ph/2006/07/02/the-one-that-got-away/|title=The One That Got Away {{!}} Newsbreak {{!}} Independent Journalism|website=archives.newsbreak-knowledge.ph|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref> and opposition groups<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://library.law.hawaii.edu/2017/09/07/the-haunting-of-martial-law-records-from-the-marcos-regime/|title=The Haunting of Martial Law: Records from the Marcos Regime|date=2017-09-07|work=UH School of Law Library|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref> with threats, intimidation, and violence.

Marcos' hold on power was effectively broken once enough of the Military withdrew their support from him in February 1986.<ref name="ABSCBNRamosEnrile">{{Cite news|date=2016-02-22|title=30 years ago today: Enrile, Ramos withdraw support for Marcos|language=en|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/focus/02/22/16/30-years-ago-today-enrile-ramos-withdraw-support-for-marcos|access-date=2021-08-02}}</ref>