Editing Philadelphia (section)

==Geography==
===Topography===
Philadelphia's geographic center is about 40° 0′ 34″ north latitude and 75° 8′ 0″ west longitude. The [[40th parallel north]] passes through neighborhoods in [[Northeast Philadelphia]], [[North Philadelphia]], and [[West Philadelphia]] including [[Fairmount Park]]. The city encompasses {{convert|142.71|sqmi|2}}, of which {{convert|134.18|sqmi|2}} is land and {{convert|8.53|sqmi|2}}, or 6%, is water.<ref name="CenGeoGazetteer">{{cite web |title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_42.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=May 25, 2018 |archive-date=August 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824204429/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_42.txt |url-status=live }}</ref> Natural bodies of water include the [[Delaware River|Delaware]] and [[Schuylkill River|Schuylkill]] rivers, lakes in [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park]], and [[Cobbs Creek|Cobbs]], [[Wissahickon Creek|Wissahickon]], and [[Pennypack Creek|Pennypack]] creeks. The largest artificial body of water is East Park Reservoir in [[Fairmount Park]].

The lowest point is sea level and the highest point is in [[Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia|Chestnut Hill]], about {{convert|446|ft|m|0}} above sea level on Summit Street near the intersection of Germantown Avenue and [[Bethlehem Pike]] at: 40.07815 N, 75.20747 W.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/advanced-viewer/ |title=The National Map |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |website=nationalmap.gov |access-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-date=March 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329155652/http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/2016/08/17/discovering-chestnut-hill-discover-summit-street-a-microcosm-of-19th-century-american-architecture/ |title=Discovering Chestnut Hill: Discover Summit Street, a microcosm of 19th Century American architecture – Chestnut Hill Local Philadelphia PA |publisher=Chestnut Hill Community Association |website=chestnuthilllocal.com |date=August 17, 2016 |access-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818181213/https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/2016/08/17/discovering-chestnut-hill-discover-summit-street-a-microcosm-of-19th-century-american-architecture/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia is located on the [[Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line]] that separates the [[Atlantic Plain]] from the [[Piedmont (United States)|Piedmont]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Railsback |first=Bruce |url=http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122EUSMISR.html |title=GEOL 1122: Earth's History of Global Change:The Fall Line |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219174225/http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122EUSMISR.html |archive-date=February 19, 2020 |website=University of Georgia Department of Geology }}</ref> The Schuylkill River's rapids at [[East Falls, Philadelphia|East Falls]] were inundated by completion of the dam at [[Fairmount Water Works]].<ref>"[http://www.phila.gov/phils/Docs/otherinfo/pname1.htm Philadelphia Neighborhoods and Place Names, A–K] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001200519/http://www.phila.gov/phils/docs/otherinfo/pname1.htm |date=October 1, 2010 }}". ''Philadelphia Information Locator System''.</ref>

The city is the seat of [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|its own county]]. The city is bordered by six adjacent counties: [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery]] to the northwest; [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks]] to the north and northeast; [[Burlington County, New Jersey]] to the east; [[Camden County, New Jersey]] to the southeast; [[Gloucester County, New Jersey]] to the south; and [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]] to the southwest.

===Cityscape===
{{see also|Architecture of Philadelphia|List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia}}

====City planning====
{{See also|List of Philadelphia neighborhoods}}
{{wide image|A651, Philadelphia skyline from the Spring Garden Street Bridge, 2018.jpg|900px|align-cap=center|The skyline of Philadelphia seen from the northwest on [[Spring Garden Street Bridge]] over the [[Schuylkill River]] in April 2018 (annotated version)}}
{{wide image|Philadelphia from South Street Bridge July 2016 panorama 3b.jpg|900px|align-cap=center|Philadelphia's skyline at twilight from the southwest on [[South Street Bridge (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)|South Street Bridge]] with the [[Schuylkill River]] on the left in July 2016 (annotated version)}}
Philadelphia was created in the 17th century, following the plan by [[William Penn]]'s surveyor [[Thomas Holme]]. [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] is structured with long, straight streets running nearly due east–west and north–south, forming a grid pattern between the [[Delaware River|Delaware]] and [[Schuylkill River|Schuylkill]] rivers that is aligned with their courses. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire.<ref name="Philadelphia Squares">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2011/02/04/a-guide-to-philadelphias-squares/ |title=A Guide To Philadelphia's 'Squares' |publisher=CBS Philly |date=February 4, 2011 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |author=Daly, Molly |archive-date=February 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213014158/http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2011/02/04/a-guide-to-philadelphias-squares/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In keeping with the idea of a "Greene Countrie Towne", and inspired by the many types of trees that grew in the region, Penn named many of the east–west streets for local trees.<ref>Laura Turner Igoe, "[https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/trees-2/ Trees] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208184841/https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/trees-2/ |date=February 8, 2021 }}", ''The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia''; accessed 2021.01.29.</ref> Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824.<ref name="Philadelphia Squares" /> Centre Square was renamed [[Penn Square, Philadelphia|Penn Square]];<ref>[https://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/pj_display.cfm/20977 "Philadelphia City Hall"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111041648/https://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/pj_display.cfm/20977 |date=November 11, 2017 }}. ''Philadelphia Architects and Buildings''. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Retrieved November 27, 2017.</ref> Northeast Square was renamed [[Franklin Square (Philadelphia)|Franklin Square]]; Southeast Square was renamed [[Washington Square (Philadelphia)|Washington Square]]; Southwest Square was renamed [[Rittenhouse Square]]; and Northwest Square was renamed [[Logan Circle (Philadelphia)|Logan Circle/Square]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historicphiladelphia.org/franklin-square/history/ |title=Franklin Square History |publisher=Historic Philadelphia |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=May 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527015930/http://historicphiladelphia.org/franklin-square/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] had an estimated 183,240 residents {{as of|2015|lc=y}}, making it the second-most populated downtown area in the United States after [[Midtown Manhattan]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.philly.com/2015-04-22/news/61383432_1_south-philadelphia-annual-report-center-city-district |title=(Greater) Center City's population second only to Midtown Manhattan's |author=Maria Panaritis |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=April 22, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2015 |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313153228/http://articles.philly.com/2015-04-22/news/61383432_1_south-philadelphia-annual-report-center-city-district |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Philadelphia's neighborhoods are divided into six large sections that surround Center City: [[North Philadelphia]], [[Northeast Philadelphia]], [[South Philadelphia]], [[Southwest Philadelphia]], [[West Philadelphia]], and [[Northwest Philadelphia]]. The city's geographic boundaries have been largely unchanged since these neighborhoods were consolidated in 1854. However, each of these large areas contains numerous neighborhoods, some of whose boundaries derive from the boroughs, townships, and other communities that constituted [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania County]] before their inclusion within the city.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |page=58 }}</ref>

The [[City Planning Commission (Philadelphia)|City Planning Commission]], tasked with guiding growth and development of the city, has divided the city into 18 planning districts as part of the Philadelphia2035 physical development plan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phila2035.org/home-page/about/ |title=About Philadelphia2035 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503011928/http://phila2035.org/home-page/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/Pages/Phila2035.aspx |title=Philadelphia 2035: The Comprehensive Plan |publisher=Philadelphia City Planning Commission |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=March 31, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331055720/http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/Pages/Phila2035.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Much of the city's 1980 zoning code was overhauled from 2007 to 2012 as part of a joint effort between former mayors [[John F. Street]] and [[Michael Nutter]]. The zoning changes were intended to rectify incorrect zoning maps to facilitate future community development, as the city forecasts an additional 100,000 residents and 40,000 jobs will be added by 2035.

The [[Philadelphia Housing Authority]] (PHA) is the largest landlord in Pennsylvania. Established in 1937, the PHA is the nation's fourth-largest housing authority, serving about 81,000 people with affordable housing, while employing 1,400 on a budget of $371&nbsp;million.<ref name="PHA">{{cite web |url=http://www.pha.phila.gov/pha-news/pha-fast-facts.aspx |title=Philadelphia Housing Authority |publisher=Pha.phila.gov |access-date=December 24, 2013 |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106183506/http://pha.phila.gov/pha-news/pha-fast-facts.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Philadelphia Parking Authority]] is responsible for ensuring adequate parking for city residents, businesses, and visitors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://philapark.org/about-ppa/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126033326/http://philapark.org/about-ppa/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 26, 2012 |title=Philadelphia Parking Authority: History |publisher=Philapark.org |access-date=December 24, 2013 }}</ref>
<!-- Add content sourced from http://phila2035.org/pdfs/final2035vision.pdf-->

====Architecture====
{{Main|Architecture of Philadelphia|List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia}}
[[File:Chestnut Street at Night.jpg|thumb|[[Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)|Chestnut Street]] in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] at night in February 2016]]
[[File:CITY HALL PHILADELPHIA.jpg|thumb|[[Philadelphia City Hall]] at night in December 2012]]
[[File:OneLiberyPlacePhiladelphia cropped.jpg|thumb|Two of [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City Philadelphia's]] most prominent high-rise buildings, [[Liberty Place#One Liberty Place|One Liberty Place]], built between 1985 and 1987 (in background), and [[Philadelphia City Hall]], built between 1871 and 1901 (in foreground)]]
Philadelphia's architectural history dates back to [[Colonial history of the United States|colonial]] times and includes a wide range of styles. The earliest structures were constructed with [[Log house|logs]], but brick structures were common by 1700. During the 18th century, the [[cityscape]] was dominated by [[Georgian architecture]], including [[Independence Hall]] and [[Christ Church, Philadelphia|Christ Church]].

In the first decades of the 19th century, [[Federal architecture|Federal]] and [[Greek Revival architecture]] were the dominant styles produced by Philadelphia architects such as [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe|Benjamin Latrobe]], [[William Strickland (architect)|William Strickland]], [[John Haviland]], [[John Notman]], [[Thomas Ustick Walter|Thomas Walter]], and [[Samuel Sloan (architect)|Samuel Sloan]].<ref name=Philadelphia-Page251>{{Cite book |title=Philadelphia: A 300-Year History |pages=11, 41, 174–175, 251–253 }}</ref> [[Frank Furness]] is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the second half of the 19th century. His contemporaries included [[John McArthur Jr.]], [[Addison Hutton]], [[Wilson Eyre]], the [[Wilson Brothers & Company|Wilson Brothers]], and [[Horace Trumbauer]]. In 1871, construction began on the [[Second Empire architecture in the United States and Canada|Second Empire]]-style [[Philadelphia City Hall]]. The [[Philadelphia Historical Commission]] was created in 1955 to preserve the cultural and architectural history of the city. The commission maintains the [[Philadelphia Register of Historic Places]], adding historic buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts as it sees fit.<ref name="PNC">{{cite web |url=http://www.phila.gov/historical/ |title=Philadelphia Historical Commission |publisher=Phila.gov |access-date=April 11, 2009 |archive-date=March 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303191207/http://www.phila.gov/historical/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1932, Philadelphia became home to the first modern [[International Style (architecture)|International Style]] skyscraper in the United States, the [[Loews Philadelphia Hotel|PSFS Building]], designed by [[George Howe (architect)|George Howe]] and [[William Lescaze]]. The {{cvt|548|ft|m|0}} City Hall remained the tallest building in the city until 1987 when [[Liberty Place#One Liberty Place|One Liberty Place]] was completed. Numerous glass and granite skyscrapers were built in Center City beginning in the late 1980s. In 2007, the [[Comcast Center]] surpassed One Liberty Place to become the city's tallest building. The [[Comcast Technology Center]] was completed in 2018, reaching a height of {{cvt|1121|ft|m|0}}, as the [[List of tallest buildings in the United States|tallest building in the United States]] outside of [[Manhattan]] and Chicago.<ref name=Comcast2>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/the-comcast-innovation-and-technology-center/ |title=Philadelphia's Newest Skyscraper: The Comcast Innovation and Technology Center |publisher=Visit Philadelphia |access-date=April 3, 2015 |archive-date=March 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317221032/http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/the-comcast-innovation-and-technology-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the [[Terraced house|row house]]. The row house was introduced to the United States via Philadelphia in the early 19th century and, for a time, row houses built elsewhere in the United States were known as "Philadelphia rows".<ref name=Philadelphia-Page251/> A variety of row houses are found throughout the city, from Federal-style continuous blocks in [[Old City, Philadelphia|Old City]] and [[Society Hill]] to Victorian-style homes in [[North Philadelphia]] to twin row houses in [[West Philadelphia]]. While newer homes have been built recently, much of the housing dates to the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, which has created problems such as [[urban decay]] and vacant lots. Some neighborhoods, including [[Northern Liberties, Philadelphia|Northern Liberties]] and Society Hill, have been rehabilitated through [[gentrification]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aitken |first=Joanne |title=Breaking Ground |journal=Philadelphia City Paper |date=June 3–19, 2004 |url=http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2004-06-03/cityspace.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113222258/http://citypaper.net/articles/2004-06-03/cityspace.shtml |archive-date=January 13, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Mark Alan Hughes |title=Dirt Into Dollars; Converting Vacant Land Into Valuable Development |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2000/06/summer-metropolitanpolicy-hughes |date=June 1, 2000 |access-date=December 24, 2013 |archive-date=December 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225175538/http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2000/06/summer-metropolitanpolicy-hughes |url-status=live }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Elfreth's Alley, Philadelphia, 2008.jpg|[[Elfreth's Alley]], first developed in 1703, is the nation's oldest residential street.<ref name="marker">Historical marker on Elfreth's Alley</ref>
File:Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia, USA, May 2015.jpg|[[Carpenters' Hall]], built between 1770 and 1774 in [[Georgian architecture]] style
File:Second Bank of the United States with Robert Morris, Jr. statue, Philadelphia.jpg|The [[Second Bank of the United States]], built between 1818 and 1824, exhibiting [[Greek Revival architecture]]
File:City hall Philadelphia.jpg|[[Second Empire architecture in the United States and Canada|Second Empire]]-style [[Philadelphia City Hall]], built between 1871 and 1901, on South [[Broad Street (Philadelphia)|Broad Street]]
</gallery>

====Parks====
{{See also|Drinking fountains in Philadelphia|Fairmount Park|List of parks in Philadelphia|}}
[[File:Detroit Photographic Company (0757).jpg|thumb|Philadelphia's [[Fairmount Park]] on the [[Schuylkill River]], the city's largest and one of the world's largest public parks]]
{{As of|2014}}, the city's total park space, including municipal, state, and federal parks in the city, amounts to {{convert|11211|acre|sqmi|1}}.<ref name=tplrank/> Philadelphia's largest park is [[Fairmount Park]], which includes the [[Philadelphia Zoo]] and encompasses {{convert|2052|acre|sqmi|1}} of the total parkland. Fairmount Park's adjacent [[Wissahickon Valley Park]] contains {{convert|2042|acre|sqmi|1}}.<ref name=parkacres>{{cite web |url=http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20027240.pdf |title=The City of Philadelphia, Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan |website=dcnr.state.pa.us |publisher=The City of Philadelphia |year=2012 |page=2 |quote=The City contains approximately 6,781 acres of watershed parks including East/West Fairmount Parks (2052 ac.), Wissahickon Valley Park (2042 ac.) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219001451/http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20027240.pdf |archive-date=December 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=January 6, 2017 }}</ref> Fairmount Park, when combined with Wissahickon Valley Park, is one of the largest contiguous [[urban park]] areas in the U.S.<ref name=tplrank/> The two parks, along with the [[Colonial Revival architecture|Colonial Revival]], [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] and [[Federal architecture|Federal]]-style [[List of houses in Fairmount Park|mansions]] in them, have been listed as one entity on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] since 1972.<ref name=NRHP>{{cite web |url=http://focus.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/72001151 |title=National Register of Historic Places – Fairmount Park – #72001151 |date=February 7, 1972 |website=focus.nps.gov |publisher=National Park Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230223434/https://focus.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/72001151 |archive-date=December 30, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=January 6, 2017 |quote=Locations: Philadelphia; Both banks of Schuylkill River and Wissahickon Creek, from Spring Garden St. to Northwestern Ave. }}</ref>

===Climate===
{{climate chart
| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|26.0|41.3|3.13
|27.5|44.3|2.75
|34.3|52.8|3.96
|44.3|64.7|3.47
|54.2|74.4|3.34
|63.9|83.2|4.04
|69.6|87.8|4.38
|67.9|85.8|4.29
|60.9|78.9|4.40
|49.2|67.2|3.47
|38.8|55.9|2.91
|31.2|46.0|3.97
|float=right
|clear=both
|units=imperial
}}
Within the [[Köppen climate classification]], Philadelphia falls under the northern periphery of the [[humid subtropical climate]] zone (Köppen ''Cfa'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=80427&cityname=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |title=Climate Summary for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |work=Weatherbase |access-date=September 17, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628232633/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=80427&cityname=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |url-status=live }}</ref> Within the [[Trewartha climate classification]], Philadelphia has a [[temperate]] [[maritime climate]] (''Do'') limited to the north by the [[continental climate]] (''Dc'').<ref>Trewartha GT, Horn LH (1980) Introduction to climate, 5th edn. McGraw Hill, New York, NY</ref> Summers are typically hot and muggy. Fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is moderately cold. The plant life [[hardiness zone#Selected U.S. cities|hardiness zones]] are 7a and 7b, reflecting an average annual extreme minimum temperature between {{convert|0|and|10|F|C}}.<ref>[http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/Images/All_states_halfzones_poster_300dpi.jpg "USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121115552/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/Images/All_states_halfzones_poster_300dpi.jpg |date=November 21, 2017 }}. ''usda.gov''. [[United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved December 6, 2017. Note: high resolution map, may be slow to download.</ref>

Snowfall is highly variable. Some winters have only light snow while others include major snowstorms. The normal seasonal snowfall averages {{cvt|22.4|in|cm|0}}, with rare snowfalls in November or April, and rarely any sustained snow cover.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> Seasonal snowfall accumulation has ranged from trace amounts in 1972–73, to {{convert|78.7|in|cm|0}} in the winter of 2009–10.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/>{{efn|See [[North American blizzard of 2009#Snowfall]] (December 19–20, 2009), [[February 5–6, 2010 North American blizzard#Snowfall]] (February 5–6, 2010), and [[February 9–10, 2010 North American blizzard#Impact]] (February 9–10, 2010). The February 2010 storms contributed to a single month record accumulation of {{cvt|51.5|in|cm|0}}. If no snow fell outside of February that season, 2009–10 would still rank as 5th-snowiest. See the Franklin Institute for a visual representation of seasonal snowfall.}} The city's [[North American blizzard of 1996#Philadelphia and Pennsylvania|heaviest single-storm snowfall]] was {{cvt|30.7|in|cm|0}}, which occurred in January 1996.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/one-wild-storm-a-look-back-at-the-blizzard-of-96/2013/01/07/89a1242c-5875-11e2-9fa9-5fbdc9530eb9_blog.html |title=One wild storm: A look back at the 'Blizzard of '96' |last=Lipman |first=Don |date=January 7, 2013 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |access-date=December 19, 2017 |archive-date=December 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219085852/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/one-wild-storm-a-look-back-at-the-blizzard-of-96/2013/01/07/89a1242c-5875-11e2-9fa9-5fbdc9530eb9_blog.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Precipitation is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to eleven wet days per month,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/daysrain.html |title=Average Days of Precipitation, .01 Inches or more |access-date=July 28, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620130836/http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/daysrain.html |archive-date=June 20, 2006 }}</ref> at an average annual rate of {{convert|44.1|in|mm|sigfig=3}}, but historically ranging from {{cvt|29.31|in|mm}} in 1922 to {{cvt|64.33|in|mm}} in 2011.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> The most rain recorded in one day occurred on July 28, 2013, when {{cvt|8.02|in|mm|0}} fell at [[Philadelphia International Airport]].<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> Philadelphia has a moderately sunny climate with an average of 2,498 [[Sunshine duration|hours of sunshine]] annually. The percentage of sunshine ranges from 47% in December to 61% in June, July, and August.<ref name=noaasun-Phily1961/>

The January daily average temperature<!--NOT monthly normal high!--> is {{convert|33.7|°F|1}}. The temperature frequently rises to {{convert|50|°F}} during thaws. July averages {{convert|78.7|°F|1}}. Heat waves accompanied by high humidity and [[heat index|heat indices]] are frequent, with highs reaching or exceeding {{convert|90|°F|0}} on 30 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 to April 2,<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry, with February having the lowest average precipitation at {{convert|2.75|in|0}}. The dewpoint in the summer averages between {{convert|59.1|and|64.5|°F|0}}.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/>

The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|106|°F|0}} on August 7, 1918. Temperatures at or above {{convert|100|°F|0}} are not common, with the last occurrence of such a temperature being July 21, 2019.<ref name="philadelphia1"/> The lowest officially recorded temperature was {{convert|-11|°F|0}} on February 9, 1934.<ref name="philadelphia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.stormfax.com/phlminmax2.html |title=Philadelphia Record Highs and Lows |access-date=April 3, 2007 |archive-date=March 22, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322192111/http://www.stormfax.com/phlminmax2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Temperatures at or below {{convert|0|°F|0}} are rare, with the last such occurrence being [[1994 North American cold wave|January 19, 1994]].<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> The record low maximum is {{convert|5|°F|0}} on February 10, 1899, and December 30, 1880. The record high minimum is {{convert|83|°F|0}} on July 23, 2011, and July 24, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ |title=Threaded Station Extremes |access-date=May 10, 2020 |quote=Station=PA – Philadelphia (Center City records are {{convert|12|°F|0}} on January 8, 2014, and January 19, 1997, for the record low maximum; and {{convert|87|°F|0}} on July 6, 1999, for the record high minimum) |archive-date=March 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305195121/http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Philadelphia weatherbox}}

=== Time Series ===
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Philadelphia.tab
| title=Philadelphia monthly weather statistics
}}

====Air quality====
Philadelphia County received an [[ozone]] grade of F and a 24-hour [[Particulates|particle pollution]] rating of D in the [[American Lung Association]]'s 2017 State of the Air report, which analyzed data from 2013 to 2015.<ref name=ala>{{cite web |url=http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/key-findings/methodology-and-acknowledgements.html |title=State of the Air 2017 – Methodology and Acknowledgements |publisher=American Lung Association |access-date=December 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208052851/http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/key-findings/methodology-and-acknowledgements.html |archive-date=December 8, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=ala2>{{cite web |url=http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/states/pennsylvania/philadelphia.html |title=Philadelphia County – State of the Air 2017 |publisher=American Lung Association |access-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207070041/http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/states/pennsylvania/philadelphia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The city was ranked 22nd for ozone, 20th for short-term particle pollution, and 11th for year-round particle pollution.<ref name=ala3>{{cite web |url=http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html |title=Most Polluted Cities |publisher=American Lung Association |access-date=December 8, 2017 |archive-date=July 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728191912/http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the same report, the city experienced a significant reduction in high ozone days since 2001—from nearly 50 days per year to fewer than 10—along with fewer days of high particle pollution since 2000—from about 19 days per year to about 3—and an approximate 30% reduction in annual levels of particle pollution since 2000.<ref name=ala2/>

Five of the ten largest [[Combined statistical area#List of combined statistical areas|combined statistical areas]] (CSAs) were ranked higher for ozone: Los Angeles (1st), New York City (9th), [[Houston]] (12th), [[Dallas]] (13th), and [[San Jose, California]] (18th). Many smaller CSAs were also ranked higher for ozone, including [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] (8th), [[Las Vegas]] (10th), [[Denver]] (11th), [[El Paso, Texas|El Paso]] (16th), and [[Salt Lake City]] (20th). Only two of those same ten CSAs, San Jose and Los Angeles, were ranked higher than Philadelphia for both year-round and short-term particle pollution.<ref name=ala3/>