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==Demographics== [[File:Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg|thumb|Downtown Paterson, pictured June 2009]] {{US Census population |1840= 7596 |1850= 11334 |1860= 19586 |1870= 33579 |1880= 51031 |1890= 78347 |1900= 105171 |1910= 125600 |1920= 135875 |1930= 138513 |1940= 139656 |1950= 139336 |1960= 143663 |1970= 144824 |1980= 137970 |1990= 140891 |2000= 149222 |2010= 146199 |2020= 159732 | estimate=156452 | estyear=2023 | estref=<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=ANNRNK/><ref name=PopEst>[https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2023/mcds/totals/SUB-MCD-EST2023-POP-34.xlsx Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023], [[United States Census Bureau]], released May 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024.</ref> |footnote=Population sources:<small><br />1800–1920<ref>[https://dspace.njstatelib.org/xmlui/handle/10929/25218?show=full ''Compendium of censuses 1726–1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905''], [[New Jersey Department of State]], 1906. Accessed August 7, 2013.</ref> 1840–1900<ref>[[Daniel Coit Gilman|Gilman, Dainel Coit]]; [[Harry Thurston Peck|Peck, Harry Thurston]]; and [[Frank Moore Colby|Colby, Frank Moore]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2adfHZLGfa0C&pg=PA784&lpg=PA784 "Paterson"], ''[[New International Encyclopedia]]'', p. 784, [[Dodd, Mead and Company]], 1903. Accessed January 14, 2013. "Population in 1840, 7,596; 1850, 11,334; 1860, 19,586; 1870, 33,579; 1880= 51,031; 1890, 78,347; 1900, 105,171."</ref><br />1840–1870<ref>Raum, John O. [https://archive.org/details/historyofnewjers03raum/page/274 ''The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1''], p. 274, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed January 14, 2013. "The population in 1840 was 7,596; in 1850, 11,334; in 1860, 19,588; and in 1870, 33,579."</ref> 1840<ref>[[Francis Bowen|Bowen, Francis]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=DnUFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA231 ''American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1843''], p. 231, David H. Williams, 1842. Accessed August 7, 2013. Population of 7,598 listed for 1840 is two higher than values shown in other sources.</ref> 1850<ref>[[J. D. B. De Bow|Debow, James Dunwoody Brownson]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=25TicJOdU0AC&pg=PA140 ''The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850''], p. 140. R. Armstrong, 1853. Accessed January 14, 2013.</ref><br />1870<ref>Staff. [https://archive.org/details/acompendiumnint00offigoog/page/n263 <!-- pg=260 --> ''A compendium of the ninth census, 1870''], p. 260. [[United States Census Bureau]], 1872. Accessed January 14, 2013.</ref> 1880–1890<ref>Porter, Robert Percival. [https://archive.org/details/preliminaryresu01portgoog/page/n219 <!-- pg=99 --> ''Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75''], p. 99. [[United States Census Bureau]], 1890. Accessed January 14, 2013.</ref><br />1890–1910<ref>[https://archive.org/details/cu31924070698356/page/n345 <!-- pg=338 --> ''Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890''], [[United States Census Bureau]], p. 338. Accessed January 14, 2013.</ref> 1860–1930<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kifRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA718 ''Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 – Population Volume I''], [[United States Census Bureau]], p. 718. Accessed January 14, 2013.</ref><br />1940–2000<ref>[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2kpub/njsdcp3.pdf#page=27 Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000], Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.</ref> 2000<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/><br>2010<ref name=Census2010>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0600000US3403157000 DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Paterson city, Passaic County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212101619/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0600000US3403157000|date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed November 28, 2011.</ref><ref name=LWD2010>[http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/dp/dp1_pas/paterson1.pdf Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Paterson city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118223817/http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/dp/dp1_pas/paterson1.pdf|date=January 18, 2012 }}, [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed November 27, 2011.</ref><ref name=Census2010XLS>[http://2010.census.gov/news/xls/st34-final_newjersey.xls The Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in New Jersey: 2000 and 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221020910/http://2010.census.gov/news/xls/st34-final_newjersey.xls |date=February 21, 2011 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed September 3, 2011.</ref> 2020<ref name=Census2020>[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/patersoncitynewjersey QuickFacts Paterson city, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed December 11, 2022.</ref><ref name=LWD2020>[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2020/2020%20pl94%20Tables/2020_Mun/MCD%200_All.pdf Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed December 1, 2022.</ref></small> }} According to then-Mayor Jose Torres, Paterson had 52 distinct ethnic groups in 2014.<ref>Malinconico, Joe. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/political-battle-brewing-over-paterson-s-plans-for-hispanic-heritage-month-event-1.1096285 "Political battle brewing over Paterson's plans for Hispanic Heritage Month event"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926133042/http://www.northjersey.com/news/political-battle-brewing-over-paterson-s-plans-for-hispanic-heritage-month-event-1.1096285 |date=September 26, 2014 }}, ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', September 25, 2014. Accessed December 10, 2014. "'I have 52 different ethnic groups in the city,' said Torres. 'If I incur the expense, I have to do it for everybody.'"</ref> By 2020, Paterson had the second-largest [[Muslim]] population in the United States by percentage.<ref name="algemeiner.com"/> Paterson's rapidly growing [[Bangladeshi American]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rumley |first=Ed |date=October 12, 2014 |title=Paterson's Bangladeshi community celebrates start of Martyrs' Monument |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/paterson-s-bangladeshi-community-celebrates-start-of-martyrs-monument-1.1107748 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013045654/http://www.northjersey.com/news/paterson-s-bangladeshi-community-celebrates-start-of-martyrs-monument-1.1107748 |archive-date=October 13, 2014 |website=NorthJersey.com}}</ref> [[Turkish American]], [[Arab American]],<ref name=ST2004>via [[Associated Press]]. [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002057985_webmuslims08.html "Muslims could prove key in choosing next U.S. president"], ''[[The Seattle Times]]'', October 8, 2004. Accessed July 17, 2011. "... Paterson, which is the nation's second-largest Arab-American community after the Dearborn, Mich.-area."</ref> [[Albanian American]], [[Bosnian American]], [[Dominican American]], and [[Peruvian American]] communities are among the largest and most prominent in the United States, the latter owing partially to the presence of the [[Consulate]] of [[Peru]].<ref>Sudol, Karen. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/north-jersey-peruvians-celebrate-peru-s-independence-with-a-flag-raising-in-paterson-1.577593 "North Jersey Peruvians celebrate Peru's independence with a flag-raising in Paterson"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', July 27, 2013. Accessed August 5, 2014.</ref> Paterson's [[Muslim]] population has been estimated at 25,000 to 30,000.<ref name=Reuters/> Paterson has become a prime destination for one of the fastest-growing communities of [[Dominican Americans]], who have become the city's largest ethnic group.<ref>Valencia, Laura. [http://www.northjersey.com/community-news/thousands-celebrate-their-heritage-in-paterson-s-dominican-parade-1.697330 "Thousands celebrate their heritage in Paterson's Dominican Parade"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810125638/http://www.northjersey.com/community-news/thousands-celebrate-their-heritage-in-paterson-s-dominican-parade-1.697330 |date=August 10, 2014 }}, ''Paterson Press'', September 8, 2013. Accessed August 5, 2014. "The Dominican community has become the largest among the city's more than 50 ethnic groups, with tens of thousands tracing their heritage to the Dominican Republic."</ref> The [[Stateside Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] population has established a highly significant presence as well.<ref name=hispanicpaterson/> ===2020 census=== {{Expand section|examples with reliable citations|date=September 2021}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+'''Paterson, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small> !Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small> !Pop 1990<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Jersey: 1990 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-32-1.pdf |access-date=June 19, 2024}}</ref> !Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Paterson city, New Jersey|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US3457000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref> !Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Paterson city, New Jersey |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3457000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref> !{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Paterson city, New Jersey |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3457000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref> !% 1990 !% 2000 !% 2010 !{{partial|% 2020}} |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH) |34,571 |19,765 |13,426 |style='background: #ffffe6; |12,523 |24.54% |13.25% |9.18% |style='background: #ffffe6; |7.84% |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH) |46,100 |46,882 |41,431 |style='background: #ffffe6; |36,667 |32.72% |31.42% |28.34% |style='background: #ffffe6; |22.96% |- |[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH) |225 |242 |217 |style='background: #ffffe6; |186 |0.16% |0.16% |0.15% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.12% |- |[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH) |1,754 |2,728 |4,663 |style='background: #ffffe6; |7,991 |1.24% |1.83% |3.19% |style='background: #ffffe6; |5.00% |- |[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH) |N/A |56 |21 |style='background: #ffffe6; |17 |N/A |0.04% |0.01% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.01% |- |[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH) |530 |496 |437 |style='background: #ffffe6; |1,260 |0.38% |0.33% |0.30% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.79% |- |[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH) |N/A |4,279 |1,750 |style='background: #ffffe6; |2,225 |N/A |2.87% |1.20% |style='background: #ffffe6; |1.39% |- |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race) |57,711 |74,774 |84,254 |style='background: #ffffe6; |98,863 |40.96% |50.11% |57.63% |style='background: #ffffe6; |61.89% |- |'''Total''' |'''140,891''' |'''149,222''' |'''146,199''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''159,732''' |'''100.00%''' |'''100.00%''' |'''100.00%''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%''' |} ===2010 census=== The [[2010 United States census]] counted 146,199 people, 44,329 households, and 32,715 families in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|17346.3|/sqmi}}. There were 47,946 housing units at an average density of {{convert|5688.7|/sqmi}}. The racial makeup was 34.68% (50,706) [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 31.68% (46,314) [[Black (U.S. census)|Black or African American]], 1.06% (1,547) [[Native American (U.S. census)|Native American]], 3.34% (4,878) [[Asian (U.S. census)|Asian]], 0.04% (60) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. census)|Pacific Islander]], 23.94% (34,999) from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census#Race|other races]], and 5.26% (7,695) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. census)|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race were 57.63% (84,254) of the population.<ref name=Census2010/> Of the 44,329 households, 38.7% had children under the age of 18; 35.4% were married couples living together; 29.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 26.2% were non-families. Of all households, 21.0% were made up of individuals and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24 and the average family size was 3.71.<ref name=Census2010/> 27.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.1 years. For every 100 females, the population had 93.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 89.9 males.<ref name=Census2010/> [[Domestic partnership|Same-sex couples]] headed 290 households in 2010, a decline from the 349 counted in 2000.<ref>Lipman, Harvy; and Sheingold, Dave. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130203212228/http://www.northjersey.com/news/127675238_NORTH_JERSEY_SEES_30__GROWTH_IN_SAME-SEX_COUPLES___Census_shows_shift_in_suburbs.html "North Jersey sees 30% growth in same-sex couples"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', August 14, 2011, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of February 3, 2013. Accessed December 1, 2014.</ref> The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 [[American Community Survey]] showed that (in 2010 [[inflation adjustment|inflation-adjusted]] dollars) [[median household income]] was $34,086 (with a margin of error of ±$1,705) and the median family income was $39,003 (±$2,408). Males had a median income of $30,811 (±$825) versus $28,459 (±$1,570) for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,543 (±$467). About 24.1% of families and 26.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 39.0% of those under age 18 and 25.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0600000US3403157000 DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Paterson city, Passaic County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212083528/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0600000US3403157000 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 24, 2012.</ref> ===2000 census=== As of the [[2000 United States census]]<ref name="GR2" /> there were 149,222 people, 44,710 households, and 33,353 families residing in the city, for a [[population density]] of 17,675.4 per square mile (6,826.4/km<sup>2</sup>).<ref name=Census2000>[http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/1603457000.pdf Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Paterson city, New Jersey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730001512/http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/1603457000.pdf |date=July 30, 2013 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 13, 2013.</ref><ref name=Census2000SF1>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0600000US3403157000 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 – Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Paterson city, Passaic County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212092128/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0600000US3403157000 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 13, 2013.</ref> Among cities with a population higher than 100,000, Paterson was the second most densely populated large city in the United States, only after [[New York City]].<ref>[https://www.census.gov/statab/ccdb/cit1040r.txt Cities with 100,000 or More Population in 2000 ranked by Population per Square Mile, 2000 in Rank Order] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629132721/http://www.census.gov/statab/ccdb/cit1040r.txt |date=June 29, 2011 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed September 5, 2011.</ref> There were 47,169 housing units at an average density of {{convert|5,587.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 32.90% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 13.20% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.60% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.90% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.06% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 27.60% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]] and 6.17% from two or more races. [[Latinos (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 50.1% of the population.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> The majority of Latinos are [[Puerto Ricans in the United States|Puerto Rican]] 14%, [[Dominican Americans|Dominican]] 10%, [[Peruvian American|Peruvian]] 5% and [[Colombian American|Colombian]] 3%.<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF3/QTP15/0600000US3403157000 QT-P15 - Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 2000 from the 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) - Sample Data for Paterson city, Passaic County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212102540/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF3/QTP15/0600000US3403157000 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 14, 2013.</ref> There were 44,710 households, out of which 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 26.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.25 and the average family size was 3.71.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> The median income for a household in the city was $30,127, and the median income for a family was $32,983. Males had a median income of $27,911 versus $21,733 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,257. About 19.2% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 29.0% of those under age 18 and 19.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> ===Ethnic groups=== {{See also|Little Istanbul|Little Lima}} [[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Paterson.png|thumb|upright=1.1|A map showing the diversity of Paterson's population, 2010]] Waves of Irish, Germans, [[Dutch (ethnic group)|Dutch]], and Jews settled in the city in the 19th century. Italian and [[Eastern Europe]] immigrants soon followed. As early as 1890, [[Syria]]n, [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] and [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] immigrants also arrived in Paterson.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} In a book called ''The Shortest History of Migration'', the economist [[Ian Goldin]] explains the concept of [[chain migration]] or network migration by noting that 90% of Dutch migrants from South Holland to the United States settled in three American towns, one of which was Paterson.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldin |first=Ian |title=The shortest history of migration |date=2024 |publisher=Old Street Publishing Ltd |isbn=978-1-913083-44-1 |location=Exeter |pages=122}}</ref> In addition to many African Americans of Southern heritage, more recent immigrants have come from the [[Caribbean people|Caribbean]] and [[Ethnic groups of Africa|Africa]]. Paterson's black population increased during the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] of the 20th century, but there have been Patersonians of African descent since before the Civil War. However, Paterson's black population declined between the years 2000 and 2010,<ref>[http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3457000lk.html Paterson city, New Jersey QuickLinks] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522085652/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3457000lk.html |date=May 22, 2012 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed May 21, 2013.</ref> consistent with the overall [[New Great Migration|return migration]] of African Americans from northern New Jersey back to the [[Southern United States]].<ref>Sheingold, Dve. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/116554018_Black_families_leaving_for_lure_of_new_South.html "North Jersey black families leaving for lure of new South"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', February 20, 2011. Accessed May 21, 2013. "In Paterson, the number dipped from 46,900 to 41,400 and now comprises 28 percent of the city's population."</ref> A house once existing at Bridge Street and Broadway was a station on the [[Underground Railroad]]. It was operated from 1855 to 1864 by abolitionists [[William Van Rensalier]], a black engineer, and [[Josiah Huntoon]], a white industrialist.<ref>[[Joe Sharkey|Sharkey, Joe]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/10/nyregion/finding-a-lost-page-from-a-family-history.html "Finding a Lost Page From a Family History"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 10, 1996. Accessed May 3, 2012. "Blinking back tears, Delores Van Rensalier pushed a shovel into the damp earth in a vacant lot wedged between a Wendy's restaurant and the police and courts complex in downtown Paterson. Beside her, workers were putting up a sign to mark the lot as the location of 'the Huntoon-Van Rensalier Station of the Underground Railroad, 1855–1864.'... Paterson, a prosperous milltown before the Civil War, was a 'station' on the Underground Railroad, the clandestine network of way stations operated by northern abolitionists to help slaves escape to Canada from the South. Huntoon operated his station in partnership with Van Rensalier, whom Ms. Van Rensalier now suspects came here on a slave ship and later assumed the Dutch name as a free man.</ref> There is a memorial located at the site.<ref>Van Rensalier, Dolores; and Alaya, Flavia. [https://books.google.com/books?id=P8cCAAAACAAJ ''Bridge Street to Freedom: Landmarking a Station on the Underground Railroad''], [[Ramapo College]], 1999. {{ISBN|0-927351-04-8}}.</ref><ref>Anderson, Samuel. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/plans-for-a-monument-at-paterson-s-underground-railroad-station-1.698041 "Plans for a monument at Paterson's Underground Railroad station"], ''Paterson press'', January 10, 2014. Accessed January 27, 2015.</ref> Many second- and third-generation [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Ricans]] have called Paterson home since the 1950s, including an estimated 10,000 who participated in the 2014 mayoral election, which was won by [[Jose "Joey" Torres]], a [[Puerto Rican American]] who was one of three Hispanic candidates vying for the seat.<ref name=hispanicpaterson>Loboguerrero, Cristina; translated from Spanish by Carlos Rodríguez-Martorell, Carlos. [http://www.voicesofny.org/2014/05/three-hispanic-candidates-vie-paterson-n-j-mayor/ "Three Hispanic Candidates Vie For Paterson, NJ Mayor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515072647/http://www.voicesofny.org/2014/05/three-hispanic-candidates-vie-paterson-n-j-mayor/ |date=May 15, 2014 }}, Voices of NY from ''[[El Diario La Prensa]]'', May 12, 2014. "Puerto Rican José 'Joey' Torres, who was the mayor from 2002 to 2010, seeks to regain the seat after losing it to Jeffery Jones in the past election. Torres and the current City Council President Andre Sayegh are the main favorites to unseat Jones in the May 13 election. The other Latino candidates are both Dominican: María Teresa Feliciano is a newcomer in politics, and Councilman Rigo Rodríguez was recently charged with electoral fraud."</ref> Today's [[Hispanic]] immigrants to Paterson are primarily [[Dominican Republic|Dominican]], [[Peru]]vian, [[Colombia]]n, Mexican, and [[Central America]]n, with a resurgence of [[Puerto Rican migration to New York City|Puerto Rican migration]] as well. In 2014, more than 600 business people attended the annual Statewide Hispanic [[Chamber of Commerce]] of New Jersey Convention in Paterson.<ref>Anzidei, Melanie. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/hispanic-chamber-hosts-annual-convention-in-paterson-state-provides-grant-for-entrepreneurship-center-1.1116892#sthash.gXGRXizp.dpuf "Hispanic chamber hosts annual convention in Paterson; state provides grant for entrepreneurship center"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', October 23, 2014. Accessed December 10, 2014.</ref> Western Market Street, sometimes called [[Little Lima]] by tourists, is home to many Peruvian and other Latin-American businesses. In contrast, if one travels east on Market Street, a heavy concentration of [[Dominican Republic|Dominican]]-owned restaurants, beauty salons, barbershops, and other businesses can be seen. The Great Falls Historic District, Cianci Street, Union Avenue, and 21st Avenue have several Italian businesses. To the north of the Great Falls is a fast-growing [[Bangladesh]]i population. Park Avenue and Market Street between Straight Street and Madison Avenue are heavily Dominican and [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Rican]].{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Main Street, just south of downtown, is heavily Mexican with a resurgent [[Puerto Ricans in the New York metropolitan area|Puerto Rican]] community.<ref name="PatersonDemographics2017">[https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP05/1600000US3457000] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200213113212/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP05/1600000US3457000|date=February 13, 2020}} Accessed May 18, 2019.</ref> Broadway, also called Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Way, is significantly black, as are the Fourth Ward and parts of Eastside and Northside, although Paterson's African American population is declining.<ref name=PatersonDemographics2017/> [[Costa Ricans]] and other Central American immigrant communities are growing in the Riverside and Peoples Park neighborhoods. Main Street between the [[Clifton, New Jersey|Clifton]] border and Madison Avenue is heavily Turkish and Arab. 21st Avenue in the People's Park section is characterized by Colombian and other Latin American restaurants and shops. According to a Colombian newspaper, since 2022, Paterson has become the home of almost 200 Colombian immigrants from [[Manatí, Atlántico|Manatí]], a small town in Colombia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Severiche |first1=Kiara |title=Manatí, Atlántico: el drama de migrar a EE.UU por la frontera en México |journal=[[Caracol Radio]] |date=24 June 2022 |url=https://caracol.com.co/emisora/2022/06/24/barranquilla/1656102617_380500.html |access-date=15 June 2023 |language=es}}</ref> Every summer, Patersonians conduct an African American Day Parade, a Dominican Day Parade, a Puerto Rican Day Parade, a Peruvian Day Parade, and a [[Turkish-American]] Day Parade; budget cuts in 2011 have forced parade organizers to contribute to cover the costs of police and other municipal services.<ref>Schectman, Joel; and Patberg, Zach. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/123730599_Budget_cuts_doom_ethnic_parades.html "Ethnic parades in Paterson likely to be victims of city budget stress"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', June 13, 2011. Accessed September 4, 2011. "The Puerto Rican, Dominican and African-American parades, which attracted tens of thousands of people, face shutdown after Mayor Jeffery Jones demanded that organizers pay as much as $100,000 for police and clean up after the event.... Peruvians were set to celebrate their 25th annual parade in Paterson next month. The event has brought in more than 35,000 people from as far away as Florida."</ref> Paterson is widely considered the capital of the Peruvian [[diaspora]] in the U.S.<ref>[http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/ A Brief History of Peruvian Immigration to the United States] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731004838/http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/ |date=July 31, 2013 }}, yumimmigrantcity.com. Accessed May 21, 2013. "Today, Paterson, NJ remains the effective 'capital' of the Peruvian Diaspora in the United States."</ref> Little Lima, a Peruvian enclave in [[Downtown Paterson]], is the largest Peruvian enclave outside of [[South America]], home to approximately 10,000 Peruvian immigrants.<ref name=PatersonPeruvian1>Cowen, Richard. [https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/passaic/2019/05/18/peruvian-chefs-paterson-have-evas-kitchen-thank/3681342002/ "Peruvian chefs in Paterson have Eva's kitchen to thank"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', May 18, 2019. Accessed November 14, 2020. "Paterson has an estimated 10,000 Peruvian immigrants, according to the U.S. Census, which make it the largest Peruvian enclave in the United States."</ref><ref name="Savor City">Harrison, Karen Tina. [http://njmonthly.com/articles/restaurants/savor-city.html "Savor City; Paterson, the one-time Silk City, is a Great Falls of ethnic eating."], ''[[New Jersey Monthly]]'', July 13, 2019. Accessed November 14, 2020. "Turkish, Syrian, Lebanese, Egyptian, and Palestinian immigrants, among others, share a grand mosque, Masjid Jalalabad, in the renovated, once-endangered 1921 Orpheum Theater. A long stretch of Main Street in the South Paterson neighborhood amounts to a Jersey souk, or market, encompassing all kinds of shops and Middle Eastern eateries."</ref> Paterson has named an area bordered by Mill, Market, Main, and Cianci streets "Peru Square".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rahman|first1=Jayed|title=Paterson's Peruvians celebrate unveiling of sign for Peru Square|url=http://patersontimes.com/2016/11/28/patersons-peruvians-celebrate-unveiling-of-sign-for-peru-square/|access-date=April 24, 2017|agency=The Paterson Times|publisher=The Paterson Times|date=November 28, 2016}}</ref> Paterson's rapidly growing Peruvian community celebrates what is known as [[Señor de los Milagros]] ("Our Lord of Miracles" in English) on October 18 through 28th each year and every July participates in the annual Passaic County Peruvian Day Parade, which passes through Market Street and Main Street in the Little Lima neighborhood of [[Downtown Paterson]].<ref>Staff. [http://www.northjersey.com/photo-galleries/photos-annual-peruvian-day-parade-in-passaic-county-1.1058031?photo=11&c=y "Photos: Annual Peruvian Day Parade in Passaic County. The parade makes its way down Market Street in Paterson"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', July 27, 2014. Accessed December 10, 2014.</ref> In the 2000 Census, 4.72% of residents listed themselves as being of [[Peruvian American]] ancestry, the third-highest percentage of the population of any municipality in New Jersey and the United States, behind [[East Newark, New Jersey|East Newark]] with 10.1% and [[Harrison, New Jersey|Harrison]] with 7.01%.<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Peruvian.html Peruvian Communities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011161238/http://epodunk.com/ancestry/Peruvian.html |date=October 11, 2007 }}, [[EPodunk]]. Accessed July 19, 2011.</ref> The community includes both [[Quechua language|Quechua]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] speakers.<ref>Torrens, Claudia via [[Associated Press]]. [http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/may/28/some-ny-immigrants-cite-lack-of-spanish-as-barrier/ "Some NY immigrants cite lack of Spanish as barrier"], ''[[U-T San Diego]]'', May 28, 2011. Accessed May 21, 2013. "Peruvians who speak Quechua live in Queens and Paterson, N.J."</ref> Paterson is home to the third-largest Dominican-American Community in the United States, after New York City and [[Lawrence, Massachusetts]]. In the 2000 Census, 10.27% of residents listed themselves as being of [[Dominican American]] ancestry, the eighth highest percentage of the population of any municipality in the United States and the third-highest percentage in New Jersey, behind [[Perth Amboy, New Jersey|Perth Amboy]]'s 18.81% and [[Union City, New Jersey|Union City's]] 11.46%.<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Dominican-Republic.html Dominican Republic Ancestry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017104216/http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Dominican-Republic.html |date=October 17, 2010 }}, [[EPodunk]]. Accessed July 19, 2011.</ref> Paterson renamed a section of Park Avenue in Sandy Hill to Dominican Republic Way to recognize the Dominican community, which is the largest Hispanic community in the city.<ref>Rahman, Jayed. [http://patersontimes.com/2016/10/08/patersons-largest-hispanic-community-celebrates-renaming-park-avenue-to-dominican-republic-way/ "Paterson's largest Hispanic community celebrates renaming Park Avenue to Dominican Republic Way"], ''Paterson Times'', October 8, 2016. Accessed October 23, 2018. "The long-promised renaming of Park Avenue to recognize the city's largest Hispanic community came to pass on Saturday afternoon with resounding chants of 'Viva La Republica Dominicana!' at the Juan Pablo Duarte Park."</ref> Paterson is home to the largest Turkish-American immigrant community in the United States (known as [[Little Istanbul]]) and the second largest [[Arab American|Arab-American]] community after [[Dearborn, Michigan]].<ref name=ST2004/> Paterson has been also nicknamed ''[[Little Palestine]]'' and contains a neighborhood with the same name in [[South Paterson]], with an Arab American population estimated as high as 20,000 in 2015,<ref>Yellin, Deena. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/palestinian-flag-raising-is-highlight-of-heritage-week-in-paterson-1.1324680 "Palestinian flag-raising is highlight of heritage week in Paterson"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', May 3, 2015. Accessed May 29, 2015.</ref><ref>Adely, Hannan. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/world/local-community-shows-support-of-palestinians-1.1054058 "Hundreds of Palestinians rally in Paterson in protest of Israeli military campaign"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', July 19, 2014. Accessed August 5, 2014. "Organized by community leaders, the rally took place in the South Paterson neighborhood often called Little Ramallah for its large population of Palestinian-Americans."</ref> serving as the center of Paterson's growing [[Syrian American]]<ref name=syrianpaterson>Villeneuve, Marina; and Seasly, John. [http://archive.northjersey.com/news/nearly-100-gather-for-paterson-candlelight-vigil-honoring-syrian-refugees-1.1404595 "Nearly 100 gather for Paterson candlelight vigil honoring Syrian refugees"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510095625/http://archive.northjersey.com/news/nearly-100-gather-for-paterson-candlelight-vigil-honoring-syrian-refugees-1.1404595 |date=May 10, 2017 }}, ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', September 5, 2015. Accessed December 6, 2016.</ref><ref name=syrian2paterson>Adely, Hannan. [http://archive.northjersey.com/news/paterson-embraces-syrian-refugees-as-neighbors-1.1465489?page=all "Paterson embraces Syrian refugees as neighbors"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220170945/http://archive.northjersey.com/news/paterson-embraces-syrian-refugees-as-neighbors-1.1465489?page=all |date=December 20, 2016 }}, ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', December 1, 2015. Accessed December 6, 2016.</ref> and [[Palestinian American]] populations.<ref name=PalestinianPaterson/> The Paterson-based Arab American Civic Association was reported in 2014 to have an Arabic language program in the [[Paterson Public Schools]] that served 125 students at School 9 on Saturdays.<ref>Staff. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/paterson-school-district-restarts-arab-language-program-for-city-youths-1.1149766 "Paterson school district restarts Arab language program for city youths"], {{Webarchive | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507105445/http://www.northjersey.com/news/paterson-school-district-restarts-arab-language-program-for-city-youths-1.1149766 | date=May 7, 2015}} ''Paterson Press'', December 10, 2014. Accessed December 10, 2014. "City education officials have resumed providing a program that teaches 125 students the Arab language. The district has been offering the program, which is run by the Paterson-based Arab American Civic Association, for more than a decade."</ref> Paterson is also home to the largest [[Circassians|Circassian]] immigrant community in the United States.<ref>Natho, Kadir I. [https://books.google.com/books?id=eE2pDLgibVoC&pg=PA530 ''Circassian History''], p. 530. Xlibris Corporation, 2009. {{ISBN|9781465316998}}.{{self-published source|date=December 2017}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} The Greater Paterson area, which includes the cities of [[Clifton, New Jersey|Clifton]] and [[Wayne, New Jersey|Wayne]] and the boroughs of [[Haledon, New Jersey|Haledon]], [[Prospect Park, New Jersey|Prospect Park]], [[North Haledon, New Jersey|North Haledon]], [[Totowa, New Jersey|Totowa]], [[Woodland Park, New Jersey|Woodland Park]], and [[Little Falls, New Jersey|Little Falls]], is home to the nation's largest [[North Caucasian peoples|North Caucasian]] population, mostly Circassians, [[Karachays]], and small [[Chechens|Chechen]] and [[Dagestan]]i communities. Reflective of these communities, Paterson and Prospect Park public schools observe [[Muslim holidays]].<ref>Yellin, Deena. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/schools-weigh-closing-for-muslim-holidays-1.920403?page=all "More NJ school districts recognize Muslim holidays"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', October 22, 2010. Accessed May 29, 2015. "Yet, many New Jersey districts have for years closed schools for Muslim holidays, including Paterson, Atlantic City, Trenton, Cliffside Park, Piscataway, Prospect Park, Plainfield and Irvington."</ref> Paterson has incorporated a rapidly growing [[Bangladeshi American]] community, which was estimated in 2024 to number 15,000,<ref>Chowdhury, Rumki. [https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/paterson-press/2024/12/15/paterson-bangladeshi-community-helps-a-new-family-settle-in/76929600007/ "Paterson's large Bangladeshi community helps a new family settle in"], ''Paterson Press'', December 15, 2024. Accessed February 23, 2025. "The most recent U.S. census data shows only New York City ahead of Paterson in Bangladeshi population. Immigrants from Bangladesh started coming to Paterson in the 1980s and their numbers surged during the past two decades, reaching about 15,000."</ref><ref>Malinconico, Joe; and Kratovil, Charlie. [http://thealternativepress.com/articles/patersons-bengali-community-takes-pride-in-akhta "Paterson's Bengali Community Takes Pride in Akhtaruzzaman's Upset Victory"], The Alternative Press, May 9, 2012. Accessed August 5, 2014. "Ahmed estimated that Paterson has about 15,000 Bengali residents."</ref> the largest in the United States outside New York City.<ref>[http://unreachednewyork.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Bangladeshi-Profile-Final.pdf "Bangladeshis in the New York Metro Area"], All Peoples Initiative. Accessed October 27, 2014.</ref> Mohammed Akhtaruzzaman was ultimately certified as the winner of the 2012 city council race in the Second Ward, making him North Jersey's first Bangladeshi-American elected official.<ref>Clunn, Nick. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/nj-state-news/elections-in-nj/officials-certify-election-of-akhtaruzzaman-to-paterson-s-2nd-ward-1.512485 "Officials certify election of Akhtaruzzaman to Paterson's 2nd Ward"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', November 27, 2012. Accessed August 5, 2014. "Election officials Tuesday certified Mohammed Akhtaruzzaman as the winner of a special City Council race, settling a prolonged political contest that ended with his reclaiming the seat he lost in a court challenge.... It was unclear when Akhtaruzzaman would take office as the representative for the 2nd Ward and reclaim his mantle as the first Bangladeshi-American elected to municipal office in North Jersey."</ref>
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