Editing Patent (section)

===Infringement===
{{Main|Patent infringement}}
Patent infringement occurs when a third party, without authorization from the patentee, makes, uses, or sells a patented invention. Patents, however, are enforced on a national basis. The making of an item in China, for example, that would infringe a US patent, would not constitute infringement under US patent law unless the item were imported into the US.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mallor|first1=Jane|title=Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and Budiness E-Commerce Environment |year=2012|publisher=McGraw-Hill/Irwin|isbn=978-0073524986|page=266|edition=15th}}</ref>

Infringement includes literal infringement of a patent, meaning they are performing a prohibited act that is protected against by the patent. There is also the Doctrine of Equivalents. This doctrine protects from someone creating a product that is basically, by all rights, the same product that is protected with just a few modifications.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doctrine of Equivalents|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/doctrine_of_equivalents|access-date=2020-12-16|website=LII / Legal Information Institute|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127084335/https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/doctrine_of_equivalents|url-status=live}}</ref> In some countries, like the United States, there is liability for another two forms of infringement. One is contributory infringement, which is participating in another's infringement. This could be a company helping another company to create a patented product or selling the patented product which is created by another company.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contributory Infringement|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/contributory_infringement|access-date=2020-12-16|website=LII / Legal Information Institute|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418131301/https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/contributory_infringement|url-status=live}}</ref> There is also inducement to infringement, which is when a party induces or assists another party in violating a patent. An example of this would be a company paying another party to create a patented product in order to reduce their competitor's market share.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inducement of Infringement|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/inducement_of_infringement|access-date=2020-12-16|website=LII / Legal Information Institute|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022354/https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/inducement_of_infringement|url-status=live}}</ref> This is important when it comes to gray market goods, which is when a patent owner sells a product in country A, wherein they have the product patented, then another party buys and sells it, without the owner's permission, in country B, wherein the owner also has a patent for the product. With either national or regional exhaustion being the law the in country B, the owner may still be able to enforce their patent rights; however, if country B has a policy of international exhaustion, then the patent owner will have no legal grounds for enforcing the patent in country B as it was already sold in a different country.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Halle|first=Mark|title=The Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights|url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/com_exhaustion.pdf|journal=IISD Commentary|via=IISD|access-date=2020-12-16|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422011457/https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/com_exhaustion.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>