Editing Parvoviridae (section)

==History==
Parvoviruses were discovered relatively late in comparison to other prominent virus families, potentially due to their small size. In the late 1950s<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kilham L, Olivier LJ | date=April 1959 |title=A latent virus of rats isolated in tissue culture |journal=Virology |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=428–437 |doi=10.1016/0042-6822(59)90071-6 |pmid=13669314}}</ref> and 1960s,<ref name=stanford >{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/virus/parvo/parvovirus.html |title=Parvovirus |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref> a variety of animal parvoviruses were discovered, including [[minute virus of mice]],<ref name=mvmhistory >{{cite web |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=201904275 |title=ICTV Taxonomy history: ''Rodent protoparvovirus 1'' |publisher=ICTV |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref> which has since been used extensively to study rolling hairpin replication.{{sfn|Kerr|Cotmore|Bloom|2005|p=171–185}} Many AAVs were also discovered during this time period<ref name=aav1history >{{cite web |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=201904258 |title=ICTV Taxonomy history: ''Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus A'' |publisher=ICTV |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref> and research on them led to their first usage in gene therapy in the 1980s. Over time, improvements in aspects such as vector design led to certain AAV gene therapy products reaching clinical efficacy in 2008 and being approved in the following years.<ref name=wang />

In 1974, the first pathogenic human parvovirus was discovered by [[Tamim.k, N.I Urbi]], et al. When testing for the [[hepatitis B virus]]'s surface antigen, one serum sample gave anomalous results and with [[electron microscopy]] was shown to contain a virus resembling animal parvoviruses. This virus was named B19 after the coding of the serum sample, number 19 in panel B.<ref name=etymology /><ref name=heegaard >{{cite journal |vauthors=Heegaard ED, Brown KE |date=July 2002 |title=Human parvovirus B19 |journal=Clin Microbiol Rev |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=485–505 |doi=10.1128/cmr.15.3.485-505.2002 |pmc=118081 |pmid=12097253}}</ref> B19 was later recognized as a species by the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]] (ICTV) in 1985, and throughout the 1980s it increasingly became associated with various diseases.<ref name=heegaard />

In the ICTV's first report in 1971, parvoviruses were grouped together in the genus ''Parvovirus''.<ref name=mvmhistory /><ref name=aav1history /> They were elevated to the rank of family in 1975 and remained unassigned to higher taxa until 2019, when they were assigned to higher taxa up to the highest rank, realm.<ref name=parvohistory >{{cite web |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=201904206 |title=ICTV Taxonomy history: ''Parvoviridae'' |publisher=ICTV |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref> The family was reorganized in 2019, departing from the "traditional" invertebrate-vertebrate distinction between ''Densovirinae'' and ''Parvovirinae'' and instead distinguishing the subfamilies based on helicase phylogeny, leading to the establishment of a new subfamily, ''Hamaparvovirinae''.<ref name=parvo2019 />

===Etymology===
Parvoviruses take their name from [[Latin]] ''parvus'' or ''parvum'', meaning ''small'' or ''tiny'', referring to the small size of parvovirus virions compared to most other viruses.<ref name=cotmoreictv /><ref name=etymology /> In the family name ''Parvoviridae'', -''viridae'' is the suffix used for virus families.<ref name=ictvcode >{{cite web |url=https://ictv.global/about/code |title=ICTV Code |publisher=ICTV |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref> The order ''Piccovirales'' takes the first part of its name from the [[Italian language|Italian]] word ''piccolo'', meaning ''small'', and the second part is the suffix used for virus orders. The class ''Quintoviricetes'' takes the first part of its name from the [[Galician language|Galician]] word ''quinto'', meaning ''fifth'', referring to [[fifth disease]] (erythema infectiosum) caused by parvovirus B19, and ''viricetes'', the suffix used for virus classes.<ref name=mono />