Editing Paris (section)

===Location===
{{Main|Geography of Paris}}
[[File:Paris,_France_ESA24382977.jpeg|thumb|A 2022 satellite image of Paris, by ESA's [[Sentinel-2]] mission]]
Paris is located in northern central France, in a north-bending arc of the river [[Seine]], whose crest includes two islands, the [[Île Saint-Louis]] and the larger [[Île de la Cité]], which form the oldest part of Paris. The river's mouth on the [[English Channel]] (''La Manche'') is about {{cvt|233|mi}} downstream from Paris. Paris is spread widely on both banks of the river.<ref name=City>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/443621/Paris |title=Paris |access-date=4 July 2013 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707083834/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/443621/Paris |archive-date=7 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Overall, Paris is relatively flat, and the lowest point is {{cvt|35|m}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is [[Montmartre]] at {{cvt|130|m|ft|0}}.{{sfn|Blackmore|McConnachie|2004|p=153}}

Excluding the outlying parks of [[Bois de Boulogne]] and [[Bois de Vincennes]], Paris covers an oval measuring about {{cvt|87|km2}} in area, enclosed by the {{cvt|35|km|adj=on}} ring road, the [[Boulevard Périphérique]].{{sfn|Lawrence|Gondrand|2010|p=69}} Paris' last major annexation of outlying territories in 1860 gave it its modern form, and created the 20 clockwise-spiralling arrondissements (municipal boroughs). From the 1860 area of {{cvt|78|km2}}, the city limits were expanded marginally to {{cvt|86.9|km2}} in the 1920s. In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes forest parks were annexed to the city, bringing its area to about {{cvt|105|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web |website=Mairie de Paris |url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/english/Portal.lut?page_id=8125&document_type_id=5&document_id=29918&portlet_id=18748 |title=Key figures for Paris |publisher=Paris.fr |date=15 November 2007 |access-date=5 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306220509/http://www.paris.fr/portail/english/Portal.lut?page_id=8125&document_type_id=5&document_id=29918&portlet_id=18748 |archive-date=6 March 2009}}</ref> The metropolitan area is {{cvt|2300|km2}}.<ref name=City/>

Measured from the [[Kilometre zero#France|'point zero']] in front of its [[Notre-Dame de Paris|Notre-Dame cathedral]], Paris by road is {{cvt|450|km}} southeast of London, {{cvt|287|km}} south of [[Calais]], {{cvt|305|km}} southwest of [[Brussels]], {{cvt|774|km}} north of [[Marseille]], {{cvt|385|km}} northeast of [[Nantes]], and {{cvt|135|km}} southeast of [[Rouen]].<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/48°51'24.1%22N+2°21'02.9%22E/@48.8567,2.3508,24716m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d48.8567!4d2.3508?hl=en Google Maps] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111052823/https://www.google.com/maps/place/48 |date=11 January 2019 }}, Retrieved 6 July 2013</ref>