Editing Paranthropus (section)

===Evolution===
''P. aethiopicus'' is the earliest member of the genus, with the oldest remains, from the Ethiopian [[Omo Kibish Formation]], dated to 2.6 mya at the end of the [[Pliocene]]. It is sometimes regarded as the direct ancestor of ''P. boisei'' and ''P. robustus''.<ref name=Constantino2007/> It is possible that ''P. aethiopicus'' evolved even earlier, up to 3.3 mya, on the expansive Kenyan floodplains of the time.<ref name=Joordens2019>{{cite journal|first1=J. C. A.|last1=Joordens|first2=C. S.|last2=Feibel|first3=H. B.|last3=Vonhof|first4=A. S.|last4=Schulp|first5=D.|last5=Kroon|year=2019|title=Relevance of the eastern African coastal forest for early hominin biogeography|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=131|pages=176–202|pmid=31182201|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.012|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019JHumE.131..176J |hdl=20.500.11820/6c1ee960-79ba-45df-9e12-3350c768a497|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The oldest ''P. boisei'' remains date to about 2.3 mya from [[Malema]], Malawi.<ref name=Constantino2007>{{cite journal|first1=P. J.|last1=Constantino|first2=B. A.|last2=Wood|year=2007|title=The Evolution of ''Zinjanthropus boisei''|journal=Evolutionary Anthropology|volume=16|issue=2|pages=49–62|doi=10.1002/evan.20130|s2cid=53574805|url=https://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=bio_sciences_faculty}}</ref> ''P. boisei'' changed remarkably little over its nearly one-million-year existence.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=B.|last1=Wood|first2=C.|last2=Wood|first3=L.|last3=Konigsberg|year=1994|title=''Paranthropus boisei'': an example of evolutionary stasis?|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=95|issue=2|pages=117–136|doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330950202|pmid=7802091}}</ref> ''Paranthropus'' had spread into South Africa by 2 mya with the earliest ''P. robustus'' remains.<ref name=Wood2000>{{cite journal|first1=B.|last1=Wood|first2=B. G.|last2=Richmond|year=2000|title=Human evolution: taxonomy and paleobiology|journal=Journal of Anatomy|volume=192|issue=Pt 1 |pages=34–38<!--only citing these pages-->|pmc=1468107|pmid=10999270|doi=10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x}}</ref><ref name=Stammers2018/><ref name=Herries2009/>

It is sometimes suggested that ''Paranthropus'' and ''Homo'' are [[sister taxa]], both evolving from ''[[Australopithecus]]''. This may have occurred during a drying trend 2.8–2.5 mya in the [[Great Rift Valley]], which caused the retreat of woodland environments in favor of open savanna, with forests growing only along rivers and lakes. ''Homo'' evolved in the former, and ''Paranthropus'' in the latter [[riparian]] environment.<ref name=Joordens2019/><ref>{{cite journal|first1=O.|last1=Kullmer|first2=O.|last2=Sandrock|first3=F.|last3=Schrenk|first4=T. G.|last4=Bromage|year=1999|title=The Malawi Rift: Biogeography, Ecology and Coexistence of Homo and Paranthropus|journal=Anthropologie|volume=37|issue=3|pages=221–231|jstor=26294888}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=R.|last1=Bobe|first2=A. K.|last2=Behrensmeyer|first3=R. E.|last3=Chapman|title=Faunal change, environmental variability and late Pliocene hominin evolution|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=42|issue=4|pages=475–497|doi=10.1006/jhev.2001.0535|pmid=11908957|year=2002|bibcode=2002JHumE..42..475B |s2cid=26032638}}</ref> However, the classifications of ''Australopithecus'' species is problematic.<ref name=Parins2019/>

[[File:Paranthropus boisei face (University of Zurich).JPG|thumb|upright|''P. boisei'' [[OH 5]]]]
[[Evolutionary tree]] according to a 2019 study:<ref name=Parins2019>{{cite journal|first1=C.|last1=Parins-Fukuchi|first2=E.|last2=Greiner|first3=L. M.|last3=MacLatchy|first4=D. C.|last4=Fisher|year=2019|title=Phylogeny, ancestors and anagenesis in the hominin fossil record|journal=Paleobiology|volume=45|issue=2|pages=378–393|doi=10.1017/pab.2019.12|bibcode=2019Pbio...45..378P |s2cid=196659329|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/10/05/434894.full.pdf}}</ref>
{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
|label1=[[Hominini]]
|1={{clade
 |1=[[Chimpanzee]]
 |label2=''[[Sahelanthropus]]''
 |2={{clade
  |1={{clade
   |1=''[[Ardipithecus]]''
   |label2=''[[A. anamensis]]''
   |2=''[[A. afarensis]]''
   }}
  |2={{clade
   |label1='''''Paranthropus'''''
   |1={{clade
    |1=''[[P. aethiopicus]]''
    |2={{clade
     |1=''[[P. boisei]]''
     |2=''[[Paranthropus robustus|P. robustus]]''
     }}
    }}
   |2={{clade
    |label2=''[[A. garhi]]''
    |1=''[[Australopithecus africanus|A. africanus]]''
    |2={{clade
     |1=''[[H. floresiensis]]''
     |2={{clade
      |1=''[[A. sediba]]''
      |2={{clade
       |1=''[[H. habilis]]''
       |2=Other ''[[Homo]]''
       }}
      }}
     }}
    }}
}}}}}}}}