Editing Paranoia (section)

==History==
The word ''paranoia'' comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] παράνοια (''paránoia''), "[[Insanity|madness]]",<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpara%2Fnoia^ παράνοια] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308144100/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpara%2Fnoia%5E |date=2021-03-08 }},
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on perseus Digital Library</ref> and that from παρά (''pará''), "beside, by"<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpara%2F παρά] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227044414/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpara%2F |date=2021-02-27 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on perseus Digital Library</ref> and νόος (''nóos''), "mind".<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dno%2Fos νόος] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308075312/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dno%2Fos |date=2021-03-08 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on perseus Digital Library</ref> The term was used to describe a mental illness in which a delusional belief is the sole or most prominent feature. In this definition, the belief does not have to be persecutory to be classified as paranoid, so any number of delusional beliefs can be classified as paranoia.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1177/0957154X0001104103| pmid=11624609|title = Delusional diagnosis? The history of paranoia as a disease concept in the modern era| journal=History of Psychiatry| volume=11| issue=41| pages=037–69|year = 2000|last1 = Dowbiggin|first1 = Ian| s2cid=29886856}}</ref> For example, a person who has the sole delusional belief that they are an important religious figure would be classified by Kraepelin as having "pure paranoia". The word "paranoia" is associated from the Greek word "para-noeo".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://inhn.org/archives/ban-collection/paranoia.html|title=Paranoia: Historical development of the diagnostic concept, An unexplored area of research in neuropsychopharmacology|author1-link=Thomas A. Ban |last=Ban |first=Thomas |website=International Network for the History of Neuropsychopharmacology |date=30 March 2016 |access-date=8 June 2020| archive-date=19 November 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119215617/https://inhn.org/archives/ban-collection/paranoia.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Its meaning was "derangement", or "departure from the normal". However, the word was used strictly and other words were used such as "insanity" or "crazy", as these words were introduced by [[Aulus Cornelius Celsus]]. The term "paranoia" first made an appearance during plays of Greek tragedians, and was also used by philosophers such as Plato and Hippocrates. Nevertheless, the word "paranoia" was the equivalent of "delirium" or "high". Eventually, the term fell out of use for two millennia. "Paranoia" was revived in the 18th century, appearing in the works of [[nosology|nosologists]] such as [[François Boissier de Sauvage]] (1759) and Rudolph August Vogel (1772).<ref name=":0" />

According to Michael Phelan, Padraig Wright, and Julian Stern (2000),<ref>Phelan, Wright, and Stern (2000)</ref> paranoia and [[paraphrenia]] are debated entities that were detached from ''[[dementia praecox]]'' by Kraepelin, who explained paranoia as a continuous systematized delusion arising much later in life with no presence of either hallucinations or a deteriorating course, and paraphrenia as an identical syndrome to paranoia but with hallucinations. Even at the present time, a delusion need not be suspicious or fearful to be classified as paranoid. A person might be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia without delusions of persecution, simply because the delusions refer mainly to the self.