Editing Pandemic (section)

=== CDC Frameworks ===
[[File:Pandemic Intervals Framework Influenza Intervals.jpg|thumb|Influenza intervals in the CDC's Pandemic Intervals Framework]]

In 2014, the United States [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) introduced a framework for characterising the progress of an influenza pandemic titled the ''Pandemic Intervals Framework''.<ref name="Holloway2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holloway R, Rasmussen SA, Zaza S, Cox NJ, Jernigan DB |date=September 2014 |title=Updated preparedness and response framework for influenza pandemics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/mmwr-rr6306.pdf |journal=MMWR. Recommendations and Reports |publisher=Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |volume=63 |issue=RR-06 |pages=1–18 |pmid=25254666 |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> The six intervals of the framework are as follows:

* investigation of cases of novel influenza, 
* recognition of increased potential for ongoing transmission, 
* initiation of a pandemic wave, 
* acceleration of a pandemic wave, 
* deceleration of a pandemic wave, and 
* preparation for future pandemic waves.

At the same time, the CDC adopted the [[Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework]] (PSAF) to assess the severity of influenza pandemics.<ref name="Holloway2014" /> The PSAF rates the severity of an influenza outbreak on two dimensions: clinical severity of illness in infected persons; and the transmissibility of the infection in the population.<ref name="Reed2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reed C, Biggerstaff M, Finelli L, Koonin LM, Beauvais D, Uzicanin A, Plummer A, Bresee J, Redd SC, Jernigan DB | display-authors = 6 | title = Novel framework for assessing epidemiologic effects of influenza epidemics and pandemics | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 85–91 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23260039 | pmc = 3557974 | doi = 10.3201/eid1901.120124 }}</ref> This tool was not applied during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bhatia R, Sledge I, Baral S | title = Missing science: A scoping study of COVID-19 epidemiological data in the United States | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 17 | issue = 10 | pages = e0248793 | date = 2022-10-12 | pmid = 36223335 | pmc = 9555641 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0248793 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2022PLoSO..1748793B }}</ref>