Editing Pakistan Armed Forces (section)

===Navy===
{{Main|Pakistan Navy}}
[[File:Zulfiqar3.jpg|thumb|[[F-22P Zulfiquar-class frigate|F-22P ''Zulfiquar''-class frigate]]s, built in [[Karachi Shipyard|KSEW]].]]
The Pakistan Navy was formed in 1947 by the Indian Muslim officers serving in the [[Royal Indian Navy]]. The prefix "Royal" was soon added but dropped in 1956 when Pakistan became an [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|Islamic republic]].<ref name="Spantech & Lancer">{{cite book|last1=Goldrick|first1=James|title=No easy answers: the development of the navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, 1945–1996|date=1997|publisher=Spantech & Lancer|location=Hartford, Wi|isbn=978-1-897829-02-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XW7kKHQeQoC&q=history+of+pakistan+navy&pg=PA44|access-date=8 December 2014|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205200222/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XW7kKHQeQoC&q=history+of+pakistan+navy&pg=PA44|url-status=live}}</ref> Its prime responsibility is to provide protection of nation's sea ports, [[marine border]]s, approximately 1,000&nbsp;km (650&nbsp;mi) of coastline, and supporting national security and peacekeeping missions.<ref name="IDEAS on Navy">{{cite web|last1=IDEAS on Navy|title=IDEAS on Navy|url=http://ideaspakistan.gov.pk/pak_navy.php|publisher=IDEAS on Navy|access-date=8 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204043431/http://ideaspakistan.gov.pk/pak_navy.php|archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> With approximately 30,000 active duty personnel and [[List of active ships of the Pakistan Navy|commissioned warships]], its operational scope has expanded to greater national and international responsibility in countering the threat of sea-based global terrorism, drug smuggling, and trafficking issues.<ref>Pakistan Navy (official website)- PN Dimensions; {{cite web |url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/chron_history.html |title=Pakistan Navy Official Website |access-date=7 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029192738/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/chron_history.html |archive-date=29 October 2016}}; retvd 5 5 14</ref>

[[File:Larkana (PB 157)-090309-N-4774B-055.jpg|thumb|left|PNS ''Larkana'' in Karachi]]
A single command structure known as [[Naval Headquarters (Pakistan Navy)|Naval Headquarters]] (NHQ) is based at the [[Rawalpindi Cantonment|Rawalpindi Cantt]], adjacent to the Joint Staff HQ. The navy is commanded by the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] (CNS), who is by statute a four-star admiral, appointed by the president, with the required consultation and confirmation of the prime minister.<ref name="pakistani.org"/> {{As of|2020|October|post=,}} Admiral [[Muhammad Amjad Khan Niazi]] is the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|chief of naval staff]].<ref name="Express Tribune">{{cite news|last1=Webdesk|title=Admiral Zakaullah takes charge as new navy chief|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/772136/admiral-zakaullah-takes-charge-as-new-navy-chief/|access-date=8 December 2014|work=The Express Tribune|date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210081945/http://tribune.com.pk/story/772136/admiral-zakaullah-takes-charge-as-new-navy-chief/|archive-date=10 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:OuessantBrest2005.jpg|thumb|The Navy operates the domestically built [[Agosta-class submarine|''Agosta'' 90B]] submarines.]]
[[Navy Day]] is celebrated on 8 September to commemorate its service in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} According to author [[Tariq Ali]], the navy lost one-half of its force in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.<ref>{{cite book |author=Tariq Ali |author-link=Tariq Ali |year=1983 |title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State |publisher=Penguin Books |page=95 |isbn=978-0-14-02-2401-6 |quote=In a two-week war, Pakistan lost half its navy.}}</ref> The Navy heavily depended on American-built naval technology and operated a large infrastructure from 1947 to 1971.<ref name="Spantech & Lancer"/> The [[Pressler amendment]] forced an embargo in the 1990s, during which the navy developed [[air independent propulsion]] (AIP) technology purchased from France and built the [[Agosta-class submarine|''Agosta''-class submarine]]s; two of these (as well as one of the new frigates) were built at Pakistan's facilities in Karachi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/pakistan-submarine-capabilities/|title=Pakistan Submarine Capabilities – NTI|website=Nti.org|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002020202/https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/pakistan-submarine-capabilities/|archive-date=2 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The navy's surface fleet consists of helicopter carriers, [[destroyer]]s, [[frigates]], [[amphibious assault ships]], [[patrol ship]]s, mine-countermeasures, and miscellaneous vessels.<ref name="Pakistan's Small Navy Packs A Punch"/> Established in 1972, the [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] provides fleet air defence, maritime reconnaissance, and anti-submarine warfare capability. Mirage 5 aircraft donated by the PAF are flown by the Navy, equipped with [[Exocet]] anti-ship missiles.<ref name="Pakistan's Small Navy Packs A Punch">{{cite web|last1=Editorial|title=Pakistan's Small Navy Packs A Punch|url=http://pakdef.org/pakistans-small-navy-packs-a-punch/|publisher=Pakistan's Small Navy Packs A Punch|access-date=8 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324025000/http://pakdef.org/pakistans-small-navy-packs-a-punch/|archive-date=24 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Navy's fleet of [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|P-3C Orion]] turboprop aircraft, equipped with [[Signals intelligence|electronic intelligence]] (ELINT) systems, play a pivotal role in the Navy's gathering of intelligence.<ref name="Naval Aviation">{{cite news|title=Naval Aviation|url=http://pakdef.org/naval-aviation/|access-date=8 December 2014|publisher=Naval Aviation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122134526/http://pakdef.org/naval-aviation/|archive-date=22 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2001, the navy has emphasised its role and expanded its operational scope across the country with the establishment of [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]], based in [[Islamabad]].

[[File:Pakistan Navy Westland Sea King Asuspine-1.jpg|thumb|left|A Pakistan Navy's [[Westland Sea King]].]]
In the 1990s, the navy lost its opportunity to equip itself with latest technology and negotiated with the [[Royal Navy]] to acquire ageing [[Tariq-class destroyer|''Tariq''-class destroyer]]s in 1993–94, which continue to be extensively upgraded.<ref name="Pakistan's Small Navy Packs A Punch"/> During the same time, the Navy engaged in a process of self-reliance and negotiated with China for assistance.<ref name="Pakistan's Small Navy Packs A Punch"/> This ultimately led the introduction of [[F-22P Zulfiquar-class frigate|F-22P ''Zulfiquar''-class frigate]]s, which were designed and developed at the [[Karachi Shipyard]] and Engineering Works (KSEW); at this same time, the [[Agosta-class submarine|''Agosta''-90B]] submarines were also built.<ref name="Pakistan's Small Navy Packs A Punch"/> [[Pakistan's role in the War on Terror]] led to a rapid modernisation, which saw the induction of the [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)|PNS ''Alamgir'']] anti-submarine warship in 2011.<ref name="nation.com.pk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/19-Oct-2008/bush-okays-antisubmarine-frigate-for-pak|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201123811/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/19-Oct-2008/Bush-okays-antisubmarine-frigate-for-Pak|title=Bush okays anti-submarine frigate for Pak|date=19 October 2008 |url-status=live|archive-date=1 December 2008}}</ref> The submarines remain to be backbone of the navy,<ref>The Diplomat."Pakistan's Oversized Submarine Ambitions" by Andrew Detsch, 9 October 2013;https://thediplomat.com/2013/10/pakistans-oversized-submarine-ambitions/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030958/https://thediplomat.com/2013/10/pakistans-oversized-submarine-ambitions/ |date=8 May 2014 }} retvd 5 7 14</ref> which has been developing a [[nuclear submarine]].<ref name="Defence news, navy">{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Pakistani Navy to Develop Nuclear-Powered Submarines: Reports|url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120211/DEFREG03/302110003/Pakistani-Navy-Develop-Nuclear-Powered-Submarines-Reports|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130813113712/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120211/DEFREG03/302110003/Pakistani-Navy-Develop-Nuclear-Powered-Submarines-Reports|archive-date=13 August 2013|access-date=8 December 2014|work=Defence News|date=2 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2001, media reports have been surfaced that the Navy has been seeking to enhance its strategic strike capability by developing naval variants of the nuclear [[cruise missile]].<ref name="Routledge., 2014">{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Zafar|title=Pakistan's Nuclear Policy: A Minimum Credible Deterrence|date=2014|publisher=Routledge., 2014|location=u.s|isbn=978-1-317-67601-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XW8KBAAAQBAJ&q=pakistan+navy+nuclear&pg=PA87|access-date=8 December 2014|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205200207/https://books.google.com/books?id=XW8KBAAAQBAJ&q=pakistan+navy+nuclear&pg=PA87|url-status=live}}</ref> The Babur cruise missile has a range of {{convert|700|km}} and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads.<ref name="cns.miis.edu">{{cite web|url=http://cns.miis.edu/other/wmdi071008d.htm|title=INDIA AND PAKISTAN MISSILE RACE SURGES ON – CNS|website=Cns.miis.edu|access-date=21 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715101449/http://cns.miis.edu/other/wmdi071008d.htm|archive-date=15 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Future developments of Babur missiles include capability of being launched from submarines, surface ships, and a range extension to {{convert|1000|km}}. An air-launched version, ''[[Hatf-VIII (Ra'ad)|Ra'ad]]'', has been successfully tested.<ref name="cns.miis.edu"/>

Since the 1990s, the navy has been conducting joint [[Pakistan military exercises|naval exercises]] and has participated in multinational task forces such as [[Combined Task Force 150|CTF-150]] and [[Combined Task Force 151|CTF-151]].<ref name="US CENTCOM">{{cite web |title=Pakistan assumes the command of CTF 151|url=http://www.centcom.mil/en/news/press-releases/pakistan-assumes-command-of-combined-task-force-151|website=US CENTCOM|access-date=8 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904011519/http://www.centcom.mil/en/news/press-releases/pakistan-assumes-command-of-combined-task-force-151|archive-date=4 September 2015}}</ref>

{{Gallery
|title=Aircraft in the Navy
|width=160 | height=170 |align=center
|footer=[[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] copyright, [[Commons.wikimedia.org|Commons]]
|File:JF-17 background Mirage 5 ROSE foreground.jpg
 |alt1=JF-17 background Mirage 5 ROSE foreground
 |{{small|A Navy [[Dassault Mirage 5|Mirage-5E]] (with [[Sky blue]] markings underneath) with [[JF-17 Thunder|JF-17]], which are flown by navy [[Fighter pilot|pilots]] but remain under air force.<ref name="Defence news, Usman">{{cite web|last1=Ansar|first1=Usman|title=Adm. Asif Sandila, Chief of Naval Staff, Pakistan Navy|url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120220/DEFREG03/302200008/Interview-Adm-Asif-Sandila-Chief-Naval-Staff-Pakistan-Navy|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141211003800/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120220/DEFREG03/302200008/Interview-Adm-Asif-Sandila-Chief-Naval-Staff-Pakistan-Navy|archive-date=11 December 2014|publisher=Defence news, Usman|access-date=11 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|File:Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg
 |alt2=Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg
 |{{small|A Navy [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|P3C-Orion]] in flight}}
|File:US Navy 110928-N-QL471-015 A Pakistan navy SA-319B Alouette III helicopter lands aboard the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77).jpg
 |alt3=A Pakistan navy SA-319B Alouette III helicopter lands aboard the aircraft
 |{{small| A Pakistan navy SA-319B [[Alouette III]] helicopter lands aboard the aircraft carrier [[USS George H.W. Bush]] }}
|File:Pakistan Navy Breguet 1150 Atlantic Asuspine-1.jpg
 |alt4=Pakistan Navy Breguet 1150 Atlantic Asuspine-1.jpg
 |{{small|A Pakistan Navy [[Breguet Atlantique|Breguet Atlantic Asuspine-1]] taxied.}}
}}

==== Marines ====
{{Main|Pakistan Marines}}
[[File:Official logo of the Pakistan Marines.jpg|thumb|Badge logo of Pakistan Marines.]]

Recommended by the Navy, based on [[Royal Marines]], the [[Pakistan Marines]] were established on 1 July 1971 to undertake [[Riverine Warfare|riverine operations]] in [[East Pakistan]].<ref name="Marine Badges" /> The Marines saw their first combat actions in [[Operation Barisal|amphibious operations]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], fighting against the Indian Army.<ref name="Dawn News channels">{{cite web|last1=Khan|first1=Wajhat|title=Overview of Pakistan Marines|date=4 August 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bNl_xTcZZQ|publisher=Dawn News channels|access-date=8 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708182930/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bNl_xTcZZQ|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to poor combat performance in the war, high losses and casualties, and inability to effectively counter the Indian Army, the Marines were decommissioned by 1974. However, Marines continued to exist in its rudimentary form until 1988 to meet fundamental security requirements of Pakistan Navy units.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} In 1990, the Marines were recommissioned under Commander M. Obaidullah.<ref name="Marine Badges"/>

[[File:US Navy 091012-N-8132M-245 Marines assigned to the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (22nd MEU), along with Marines from Kuwait and Pakistan, conduct an amphibious assault demonstration during Exercise Bright Star 2009.jpg|thumb|left|Pakistan Marines in close co-ordination with the [[US Marines]] Corps, 2009.]]
The Marines are the uniform service branch within the Navy whose leadership comes directly from the Navy.<ref name="Dawn News channels"/><ref name="Dawn News,2014"/> It shares the [[Naval ranks and insignia of Pakistan|Navy's rank code]], but conducts its combined combat training with army at [[Pakistan Military Academy]] Kakul and School of Infantry in Quetta.<ref name="Marine Badges"/><ref name="ISPR Navy-A">{{cite AV media |date=4 December 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JtnB1FDqNY |title=Pakistan Marines |publisher=ThePakistanNavy |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223105037/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JtnB1FDqNY |archive-date=23 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Its single command structure is based at the [[Manora Fort, Karachi|Manora Fort]] in [[PNS Qasim|Qasim Marine Base]] in [[Karachi]] and the Marines are under the command of the Commander Coast (COMCOAST), by statute a two-star rear-admiral.<ref name="The Nation, 2013">{{cite news |title=Rear Admiral Syed Bashir new PN Coastal Commander|url=http://nation.com.pk/islamabad/16-Oct-2014/rear-admiral-syed-bashir-new-pn-coastal-commander|access-date=8 December 2014|work=The Nation |date=16 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202081612/http://nation.com.pk/islamabad/16-Oct-2014/rear-admiral-syed-bashir-new-pn-coastal-commander|archive-date=2 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the ISPR, the Marines are deployed at the southeastern regions of Pakistan to avoid infiltration and undercover activities from the Indian Army.<ref name="Dawn News,2014">{{cite news|last1=Khan|first1=Wajahat S.|title=Introduction to a silent force|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WsUh7yp51U|access-date=5 January 2015 |work=Dawn News |date=1 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601143359/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WsUh7yp51U|archive-date=1 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of current appointment,{{when|date=January 2017}} Rear Admiral Bashir Ahmed is currently serving as the Commandant of Marines. A small number of Marine Battalions are deployed at the [[Sir Creek]] region<ref name="Daily Times, Pakistan">{{cite news|last1=Associate Press|title=Admiral Zakaullah visits forward bases|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/19-Nov-2014/admiral-zakaullah-visits-forward-bases|access-date=8 December 2014|newspaper=Daily Times |location=Pakistan |date=19 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318080329/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/19-Nov-2014/admiral-zakaullah-visits-forward-bases|archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> to deter the Indian Army, and coordinated the relief efforts in the [[2010 Pakistan floods]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-south-asia-10919568/amid-the-pakistan-floods-a-village-slowly-drowning|title=A village slowly drowning|date=9 August 2010|publisher=BBC|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231091934/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-south-asia-10919568/amid-the-pakistan-floods-a-village-slowly-drowning|archive-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Almost an entire combat contingent of Marines were deployed in [[Sindh]] and [[Punjab (region)|Southern Punjab]] to lead the flood-relief operations in 2014.<ref name="ISPR Navy-B">{{cite web|last1=ISPR Staff officer|title=pakistan marines to the rescue in northern sindh|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXwpum4vhSA|publisher=ISPR Navy|access-date=5 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904011516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXwpum4vhSA|archive-date=4 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Al Jazeera, Pakistan">{{cite news|last1=Hashim|first1=Asad|title=In Pictures: Floods ravage Pakistan|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2014/09/pictures-floods-ravage-pakistan-20149178953497809.html|access-date=5 January 2015|work=Al Jazeera |date=17 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213110832/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2014/09/pictures-floods-ravage-pakistan-20149178953497809.html|archive-date=13 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

For intelligence purposes, the army immediately raised the combat battalion of the Marines, from the officers of the Navy, in 1999.<ref name="Bloomsbury Press"/> Major intelligence activities are gathered from the Sir Creek region by the Marines, where an entire battalion is deployed to conduct reconnaissance.<ref name="Marine Badges">{{cite web|url=http://www.marinebadges.com/collection/pakistan/ |title=Components of Pakistan Marines|website=marinebadges.com|publisher=Marine Badges|url-status=live|access-date=5 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220091031/http://www.marinebadges.com/collection/pakistan/|archive-date=20 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Bloomsbury Press">{{cite book|last1=Aid|first1=Matthew M.|title=Intel wars: the secret history of the fight against terror|date=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-60819-481-0|edition=1st U.S.|url=https://archive.org/details/intelwarssecreth0000aidm}}</ref>