Editing Overseas Chinese (section)

===Assimilation===
[[File:East Timor hakka wedding.jpg|thumb|left|[[Hakka people]] in a wedding in [[East Timor]], 2006]]
Overseas Chinese communities vary widely as to their degree of [[Assimilation (sociology)|assimilation]], their interactions with the surrounding communities (see [[Chinatown]]), and their relationship with China.

Thailand has the largest overseas Chinese community and is also the most successful case of [[Thaification|assimilation]], with many claiming [[Thai identity]]. For over 400 years, descendants of Thai Chinese have largely intermarried and/or assimilated with their compatriots. The present royal house of Thailand, the [[Chakri dynasty]], was founded by King [[Rama I]] who himself was partly of Chinese ancestry. His predecessor, King [[Taksin]] of the [[Thonburi Kingdom]], was the son of a Chinese immigrant from Guangdong Province and was born with a Chinese name. His mother, Lady Nok-iang (Thai: นกเอี้ยง), was [[Thai people|Thai]] (and was later awarded the [[Thai noble title|noble title]] of Somdet Krom Phra Phithak Thephamat).

{{Multiple image
| image2 = Sangelys,_detail_from_Carta_Hydrographica_y_Chorographica_de_las_Yslas_Filipinas_(1734).jpg
| caption2 = [[Sangley]]s, of different religion and social classes, as depicted in the [[Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas]] (1734)
}}
{{multiple image
| image2 = Commercant chinois Hanoi 2.jpg
| width2 = 150
| alt2 = Chinese Vietnamese
| caption2 = A [[Hoa people|Chinese Vietnamese]] merchant in [[Hanoi]], {{circa|1885}}.
}}
In the Philippines, the Chinese, known as the [[Sangley]], from [[Fujian]] and [[Guangdong]] were already migrating to the islands as early as 9th century, where many have largely intermarried with both [[Ethnic groups in the Philippines|native Filipinos]] and [[Spanish Filipino]]s ([[Torna atrás|Tornatrás]]). Early presence of [[Chinatown]]s in overseas communities start to appear in [[Captaincy General of the Philippines|Spanish colonial Philippines]] around 16th century in the form of [[Parián (Manila)|Parians]] in [[Manila]], where Chinese merchants were allowed to reside and flourish as commercial centers, thus [[Binondo]], a historical district of Manila, has become the world's oldest Chinatown.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/388446/lifestyle/food/binondo-new-discoveries-in-the-world-s-oldest-chinatown|title=Binondo: New discoveries in the world's oldest Chinatown|last=See|first=Stanley Baldwin O.|date=17 November 2014|work=GMA News Online|access-date=28 July 2019|archive-date=18 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818010657/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/food/388446/binondo-new-discoveries-in-the-world-s-oldest-chinatown/story/|url-status=live}}</ref> Under Spanish colonial policy of [[Christianization]], [[Cultural assimilation|assimilation]] and [[Exogamy|intermarriage]], their colonial mixed descendants would eventually form the bulk of the [[middle class]] which would later rise to the [[Principalía]] and [[Ilustrado|illustrado intelligentsia]], which carried over and fueled the elite ruling classes of the [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|American period]] and later independent Philippines. Chinese Filipinos play a considerable role in the [[economy of the Philippines]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chua|first=Amy|title=World On Fire|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing|year=2003|isbn=978-0385721868|pages=3, 6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gambe|first=Annabelle|title=Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship and Capitalist Development in Southeast Asia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2000|isbn=978-0312234966|page=33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Folk|first=Brian|title=Ethnic Business: Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=978-1138811072|page=93}}</ref><ref name="Chirot">{{Cite book|last1=Chirot|first1=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgWumPDyaSIC&pg=PA54|title=Essential Outsiders: Chinese and Jews in the Modern Transformation of Southeast Asia and Central Europe|last2=Reid|first2=Anthony|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1997|isbn=9780295800264|page=54|access-date=29 September 2021|archive-date=18 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218081158/https://books.google.com/books?id=BgWumPDyaSIC&pg=PA54|url-status=live}}</ref> and descendants of Sangley compose a considerable part of the [[Demographics of the Philippines|Philippine population]].<ref name="Chirot" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=April 13, 2005|title=Genographic Project – Reference Populations – Geno 2.0 Next Generation|url=https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/reference-populations-next-gen/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522144837/https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/reference-populations-next-gen/|archive-date=May 22, 2019|website=National Geographic}}</ref> [[Ferdinand Marcos]], the former president  of the Philippines was of Chinese descent, as were many others.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tan |first=Antonio S. |date=1986 |title=The Chinese Mestizos and the Formation of the Filipino Nationality |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1986_num_32_1_2316 |journal=Archipel |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=141–162 |doi=10.3406/arch.1986.2316}}</ref>

[[File:East Coast Road 3, Mar 06.JPG|thumb|right|Since their early migration, many of the overseas Chinese of Malay ancestry have adopted local culture, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand with large [[Peranakan]] community. Most of them in Singapore were once concentrated in [[Katong]].]]

[[Myanmar]] shares a long border with China so ethnic minorities of both countries have cross-border settlements. These include the Kachin, Shan, Wa, and Ta’ang.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-14 |title=Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia's Borderland: Assessing Chinese Nationalism in Upper Shan State |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/seac/2023/03/14/ethnic-chinese-in-southeast-asias-borderland-assessing-chinese-nationalism-in-upper-shan-state/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=LSE Southeast Asia Blog}}</ref>

In [[Cambodia]], between 1965 and 1993, people with Chinese names were prevented from finding governmental employment, leading to a large number of people changing their names to a local, Cambodian name. Ethnic Chinese were one of the minority groups targeted by Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge during the Cambodian genocide.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-11 |title=Khmer Rouge {{!}} Facts, Leadership, Genocide, & Death Toll {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khmer-Rouge |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

Indonesia forced Chinese people to adopt Indonesian names after the [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=More Chinese-Indonesians using online services to find their Chinese names – Community |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/culture/2023/01/19/more-chinese-indonesians-using-online-services-to-find-their-chinese-names.html |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref>

In Vietnam, all Chinese names can be pronounced by [[Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Vietnamese readings]]. For example, the name of the previous [[paramount leader]] [[Hu Jintao|Hú Jǐntāo]] ({{lang|zh-cn|胡錦濤}}) would be spelled as "Hồ Cẩm Đào" in Vietnamese. There are also great similarities between Vietnamese and Chinese traditions such as the use Lunar New Year, philosophy such as [[Confucianism]], [[Taoism]] and ancestor worship; leads to some [[Hoa people]] adopt easily to Vietnamese culture, however many Hoa still prefer to maintain Chinese cultural background. The official census from 2009 accounted the Hoa population at some 823,000 individuals and ranked 6th in terms of its population size. 70% of the Hoa live in cities and towns, mostly in Ho Chi Minh city while the rests live in the southern provinces.<ref name="GSO2009">{{cite web |url=https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/KQ-toan-bo-1.pdf |title=Kết quả toàn bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở Việt Nam năm 2009&ndash;Phần I: Biểu Tổng hợp |trans-title=The 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing census: Completed results |author=[[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]] |page=134/882 |language=vi |access-date=13 December 2012 |archive-date=26 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026063744/https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/KQ-toan-bo-1.pdf |url-status=live }} (description page: [https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/data-and-statistics/2019/03/the-2009-vietnam-population-and-housing-census-completed-results/ The 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing census: Completed results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615163023/https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/data-and-statistics/2019/03/the-2009-vietnam-population-and-housing-census-completed-results/ |date=15 June 2021 }})</ref>

On the other hand, in Malaysia, Singapore, and [[Brunei]], the ethnic Chinese have maintained a distinct communal identity.

In [[East Timor]], a large fraction of Chinese are of [[Hakka people#East Timor|Hakka descent]].

In Western countries, the overseas Chinese generally use romanised versions of their Chinese names, and the use of local first names is also common.