Editing Osiris (section)

===Death and institution as god of the dead===
[[Image:Osiris-nepra.jpg|thumb|left|Osiris-Nepra, with wheat growing from his body. From a bas-relief at [[Philae]].<ref>"Egyptian ideas of the future life.", E. A Wallis Budge, chapter 1, E. A Wallis Budge, org pub 1900</ref> The sprouting wheat implied resurrection.<ref>"Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses", George Hart, p119, Routledge, 2005 {{ISBN|0-415-34495-6}}</ref>]]

[[Plutarch]] and others have noted that the sacrifices to Osiris were "gloomy, solemn, and mournful..." (Isis and Osiris, 69) and that the great mystery festival, celebrated in two phases, began at [[Abydos, Egypt|Abydos]] commemorating the death of the god, on the same day that grain was planted in the ground (Isis and Osiris, 13). The annual festival involved the construction of [[Corn mummy|"Osiris Beds"]] formed in shape of Osiris, filled with soil and sown with seed.<ref>Teeter, Emily (2011). ''Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–66</ref> The germinating seed symbolized Osiris rising from the dead. An almost pristine example was found in the [[KV62|tomb of Tutankhamun]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/carter/gallery/p2024.html |title=Osiris Bed, Burton photograph p2024, The Griffith Institute }}</ref> The imiut emblem- an image of a stuffed, headless skin of an animal tied to a pole mounting a pot, was a symbol associated both with Osiris as god of the underworld and with [[Anubis]], god of mummification, was sometimes included among a deceased person's funerary equipment.<ref name=":0" />

The first phase of the festival was a public drama depicting the murder and dismemberment of Osiris, the search for his body by Isis, his triumphal return as the resurrected god, and the battle in which Horus defeated Set.

According to [[Julius Firmicus Maternus]] of the fourth century, this play was re-enacted each year by worshippers who "beat their breasts and gashed their shoulders.... When they pretend that the mutilated remains of the god have been found and rejoined...they turn from mourning to rejoicing." (''De Errore Profanarum Religionum'').

The passion of Osiris was reflected in his name 'Wenennefer" ("the one who continues to be perfect"), which also alludes to his post mortem power.<ref name="Mark Collier p42"/>