Editing Open-source license (section)

== Use in proprietary software ==

Open-source licenses allow other businesses to commercialize covered software.{{sfn|Brock|2022|loc=sec. 16.3.3}} Work released under a permissive license can be incorporated into proprietary software.{{sfn|St. Laurent|2004|p=14}} Permissive licenses permit the addition of new terms, including proprietary ones.{{sfn|St. Laurent|2004|p=22}}{{sfn|Onetti|Verma|2009|p=81}} Proprietary software has heavily integrated open-source code released under the Apache, BSD, and MIT licenses.{{sfn|St. Laurent|2004|p=30}} [[Open-core model|Open core]] is a business model where developers release a core piece of software as open source and monetize a product containing it as proprietary software.{{sfn|Brock|2022|loc=sec. 16.4.2.3}} The strong copyleft GPL is written to prevent distribution within proprietary software.{{sfn|Tsai|2008|p=550}}{{sfn|St. Laurent|2004|p=39}} Weak copyleft licenses impose specific requirements on derivative works that may allow the covered code to be distributed within proprietary software in certain circumstances.{{sfn|Smith|2022|loc=sec.&nbsp;3.3}}

[[Cloud computing]] relies on free and open-source software and avoids the distribution that triggers most licenses. Cloud software is hosted rather than distributed.{{sfn|Brock|2022|loc=sec. 16.5.2}} A vendor hosts the software online, and their end users do not have to download, access, or even know about the code in use.{{sfn|Brock|2022|loc=sec. 16.4.2.8}} The copyleft [[GNU Affero General Public License]] (AGPL) is triggered when covered code is hosted or distributed.{{sfn|Brock|2022|loc=sec. 16.4.2.2}} Some developers have adopted the AGPL, and others have switched to proprietary licenses with features of open-source licensing.{{sfn|Brock|2022|loc=sec. 16.5.3}} For example, open-core developer [[Elastic NV|Elastic]] switched from the Apache license to the "source-available" [[Server Side Public License]].{{sfn|Brock|2022|loc=sec. 16.5.3.8}} [[Source-available software]] comes with source code as a reference.{{sfn|Kunert|2022}} 

Since 2010, the cloud model has grown in prominence.{{sfn|Brock|2022|loc=sec. 16.5.2}} Developers have criticized cloud companies that profit from hosting open-source software without contributing money or code upstream, comparing the practice to [[strip mining]].{{sfn|Wakabayashi|2019}} Cloud computing leader [[Amazon Web Services]] has stated they comply with licenses and act in their customers' best interests.{{sfn|Wakabayashi|2019}}{{sfn|Brock|2022|loc=sec. 16.5.3.2}}