Editing Oligarchy (section)

=== The Philippines ===
{{Main|Monopolies in the Philippines (1965–1986)}}

During the [[presidency of Ferdinand Marcos]] from 1965 to 1986, several monopolies arose in the Philippines, primarily linked to the [[Marcos family]] and their close associates. Analysts have described this period, and even subsequent decades, as an era of oligarchy in the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hutchcroft |first=Paul D. |date=April 1991 |title=Oligarchs and Cronies in the Philippine State the Politics of Patrimonial Plunder |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/oligarchs-and-cronies-in-the-philippine-state-the-politics-of-patrimonial-plunder/ED0D256E6AA60C7FE702B4068CCAE06D |journal=World Politics |language=en |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=414–450 |doi=10.2307/2010401 |jstor=2010401 |s2cid=154855272 |issn=1086-3338}}</ref><ref>{{Cite SSRN |last=Mendoza |first=Ronald U. |last2=Bulaong |first2=Oscar Jr. |last3=Mendoza |first3=Gabrielle Ann S. |date=1 February 2022 |title=Cronyism, Oligarchy and Governance in the Philippines: 1970s vs 2020s |ssrn=4032259 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Quimpo |first=Nathan Gilbert |title=Can the Philippines' wild oligarchy be tamed? |date=2015 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315674735-30/philippines-wild-oligarchy-tamed-nathan-gilbert-quimpo |work=Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian Democratization |pages=347–362 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315674735-30 |isbn=978-1-315-67473-5 |access-date=2022-05-15}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Explainer: The oligarchy in the Philippines is more than just one family or firm |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/07/19/2028001/explainer-oligarchy-more-just-one-family-or-firm |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>

President [[Rodrigo Duterte]], elected in 2016, promised to dismantle the oligarchy during his presidency.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Ruth Abbey Gita-Carlos |title=Duterte takes pride in dismantling oligarchy |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1134133 |access-date=2022-05-15 |work=[[Philippine News Agency]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> However, corporate oligarchy persisted throughout his tenure. While Duterte criticized prominent tycoons such as the [[Zobel de Ayala family|Ayalas]] and [[Manny Pangilinan]], corporate figures allied with Duterte, including [[Dennis Uy]] of [[Udenna Corporation]], benefitted during his administration.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2022/6/29/Businesses-under-Duterte-administration-Who-gained-got-hurt.html |title=Businesses under Duterte administration: Who gained, who got hurt? |last=Esmael |first=Lisbet |date=June 29, 2022 |website=CNN Philippines |access-date=Sep 19, 2023 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928210716/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2022/6/29/Businesses-under-Duterte-administration-Who-gained-got-hurt.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>