Editing Non-disclosure agreement (section)

===India===
NDAs are used in [[India]].<ref name="Basu 2007 p. 327">{{cite book | last=Basu | first=K. | title=The Oxford Companion to Economics in India | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-19-566984-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSy0AAAAIAAJ | access-date=2 Jul 2023 | page=327}}</ref> They have been described as "an increasingly popular way of restricting the loss of [[Research and development|R&D]] knowledge through employee turnover in Indian IT firms".<ref name="Basu 2007 p. 327"/> They are often used by companies from other countries who are [[outsourcing]] or [[offshoring]] work to companies in India.<ref name="Swaminathan 2009 p. 46">{{cite book | last=Swaminathan | first=J.M. | title=Indian Economic Superpower: Fiction Or Future? | publisher=World Scientific Pub. | series=World Scientific series on 21st century business | year=2009 | isbn=978-981-281-465-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w39pDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 | access-date=2 Jul 2023 | page=46}}</ref><ref name="Vagadia 2007 p. 120">{{cite book | last=Vagadia | first=B. | title=Outsourcing to India - A Legal Handbook | publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | year=2007 | isbn=978-3-540-72220-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YvZOD39BVHwC&pg=PA161 | access-date=2 Jul 2023 | page=120}}</ref> Companies outsourcing research and development of [[Biopharmaceutical|biopharma]] to India use them, and Indian companies in pharmaceuticals are "competent" in their use.<ref name="Chowdhury 2011 p. 13">{{cite book | last=Chowdhury | first=P.R. | title=Outsourcing Biopharma R&D to India | publisher=Elsevier Science | series=Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomedicine | year=2011 | isbn=978-1-908818-01-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IhhtAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13 | access-date=2 Jul 2023 | page=13}}</ref><ref name="Commission p. 8-PA14">{{cite book | last=Commission | first=U.S.I.T. | title=Competitive Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment in India, Staff Research Study #30 | publisher=DIANE Publishing | isbn=978-1-4578-1829-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMIo-FZXCYEC&pg=SA8-PA14 | access-date=2 Jul 2023 | page=8-PA14}}</ref> In the [[space industry]], NDAs "are crucial".<ref name="Agarwal 2022 p. 107">{{cite book | last=Agarwal | first=A.K. | title=Doing Business in India: The PESTEL Framework | publisher=Springer Nature Singapore | series=Management for Professionals | year=2022 | isbn=978-981-16-9045-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PYxaEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107 | access-date=2 Jul 2023 | page=107}}</ref> "Non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements ... are ... generally enforceable as long as they are reasonable."<ref name="Rowe Sandeen 2015 p. 198">{{cite book | last1=Rowe | first1=E.A. | last2=Sandeen | first2=S.K. | title=Trade Secrecy and International Transactions: Law and Practice | publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing, Incorporated | series=Elgar Intellectual Property Law and Practice series | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-78254-078-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qY5HCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA198 | access-date=2 Jul 2023 | page=198}}</ref> Sometimes NDAs have been [[Anti-competitive practices|anti-competitive]] and this has led to legal challenges.<ref name="Bharadwaj Devaiah Gupta 2022 p. 91">{{cite book | last1=Bharadwaj | first1=A. | last2=Devaiah | first2=V.H. | last3=Gupta | first3=I. | title=Locating Legal Certainty in Patent Licensing | publisher=Springer Nature Singapore | year=2022 | isbn=978-981-15-0181-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6ueEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 | access-date=2 Jul 2023 | page=91}}</ref>