Editing Neo-Nazism (section)

=== Lifting of the Iron Curtain, 1990s–present ===
With the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] and the [[collapse of the Soviet Union]] during the early 1990s, neo-Nazism began to spread its ideas in the East, as hostility to the triumphant liberal order was high and [[revanchism]] a widespread feeling. In Russia, during the chaos of the early 1990s, an amorphous mixture of [[KGB]] hardliners, Orthodox neo-Tsarist nostalgics (i.e., [[Pamyat]]) and explicit neo-Nazis found themselves strewn together in the same camp. They were united by opposition to the influence of the United States, against the liberalising legacy of [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]'s {{transliteration|ru|[[perestroika]]}} and on the [[Jewish question]], [[Soviet Anti-Zionism|Soviet Zionology]] merged with a more explicit anti-Jewish sentiment. The most significant organisation representing this was [[Russian National Unity]] under the leadership of [[Alexander Barkashov]], where black-uniform clad Russians marched with a red flag incorporating the [[Swastika]] under the banner of ''[[Russia for Russians]].'' These forces came together in a last gasp effort to save the [[Supreme Soviet of Russia]] against [[Boris Yeltsin]] during the [[1993 Russian constitutional crisis]]. As well as events in Russia, in newly independent ex-Soviet states, annual commemorations for SS volunteers now took place; particularly in [[Remembrance day of the Latvian legionnaires|Latvia]], [[20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)|Estonia]] and [[14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)|Ukraine]].

[[File:Evstafiev-neo-bolsheviks.jpg|thumb|right|Members of the [[National Bolshevik Party]]. "Nazbols" tailor ultra-nationalist themes to a native Russian environment while still employing Nazi aesthetics.]]
The Russian developments excited German neo-Nazism who dreamed of a [[Berlin]]–Moscow alliance against the supposedly "decadent" [[Atlanticist]] forces; a dream which had been thematic since the days of Remer.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} Zündel visited Russia and met with ex-KGB general Aleksandr Stergilov and other Russian National Unity members. Despite these initial aspirations, international neo-Nazism and its close affiliates in ultra-nationalism would be split over the [[Bosnian War]] between 1992 and 1995, as part of the [[breakup of Yugoslavia]]. The split would largely be along ethnic and sectarian lines. The Germans and the French would largely back the Western Catholic [[Croats]] (Lauck's NSDAP/AO explicitly [[Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War|called for volunteers]], which Kühnen's [[Free German Workers' Party]] answered and the French formed the "Groupe [[Jacques Doriot]]"), while the Russians and the Greeks would back the Orthodox [[Serbs]] (including Russians from Barkashov's Russian National Unity, [[Eduard Limonov]]'s [[National Bolshevik Party|National Bolshevik Front]] and [[Golden Dawn (political party)|Golden Dawn]] members joined the [[Greek Volunteer Guard]]). Indeed, the revival of [[National Bolshevism]] was able to steal some of the thunder from overt Russian neo-Nazism, as ultra-nationalism was wedded with veneration of [[Joseph Stalin]] in place of Adolf Hitler, while still also flirting with Nazi aesthetics.