Editing Nefertiti (section)

==Burial==
[[File:Unfinished portrait head of queen Nefertiti with sketches 01.jpg|left|thumb|Limestone trial piece showing head of Nefertiti.]]
[[File:Heads of Akhenaten and Nefertiti.jpg|left|thumb|370x370px|Heads of Akhenaten and Nefertiti 18th Dynasty Egypt]]
Nefertiti's burial was intended to be made within the [[Royal Tomb of Akhenaten|Royal Tomb]] as laid out in the [[Boundary Stelae of Akhenaten|Boundary Stelae]].<ref name="Murnane 1995 p.78">{{cite book |last1=Murnane |first1=William J. |title=Texts from the Amarna period in Egypt |date=1995 |publisher=Scholars Press |location=United States of America |isbn=1-55540-966-0 |page=78}}</ref> It is possible that the unfinished annex of the Royal Tomb was intended for her use.<ref name="Dodson 2018 p.18">{{cite book |last1=Dodson |first1=Aidan |title=Amarna sunset : Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian counter-reformation |date=2018 |publisher=The American University in Cairo Press |location=Cairo |isbn=978-977-416-859-8 |page=18 |edition=Revised}}</ref> However, given that Akhenaten appears to have predeceased her it is highly unlikely she was ever buried there. One [[Ushabti|shabti]] is known to have been made for her.<ref name="Kemp 2014 p.255">{{cite book |last1=Kemp |first1=Barry |title=The city of Akhenaten and Nefertiti : Amarna and its people |date=2014 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |location=New York |isbn=978-0-500-29120-7 |page=255}}</ref> The unfinished Tomb 29, which would have been of very similar dimensions to the Royal Tomb had it been finished, is the most likely candidate for a tomb begun for Nefertiti's exclusive use.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kemp |first1=Barry |title=The Amarna Royal Tombs at Amarna |page=6 |url=http://amarnaproject.com/documents/pdf/Amarna-Royal-Tombs.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://amarnaproject.com/documents/pdf/Amarna-Royal-Tombs.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref> Given that it lacks a burial chamber, she was not interred there either.

In 2015, English archaeologist [[Nicholas Reeves]] announced that high resolution scans revealed voids behind the walls of [[KV62|Tutankhamun's tomb]] which he proposed to be the burial chamber of Nefertiti,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/archaeologist-believes-hidden-passageway-tomb-tutankhamun-leads-resting-place-nefertiti-1514990 |title=Archaeologist believes hidden passageway in tomb of Tutankhamun leads to resting place of Nefertiti |first=Sean |last=Martin |work=International Business Times |date=August 11, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Radar Scans in King Tut's Tomb Suggest Hidden Chambers |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/151128-tut-tomb-scans-hidden-chambers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130100141/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/151128-tut-tomb-scans-hidden-chambers/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 30, 2015 |website=National Geographic News |access-date=30 June 2019 |date=28 November 2015}}</ref> but subsequent radar scans showed that there are no hidden chambers.<ref name="Sambuelli et al 2019 p.8">{{cite journal |last1=Sambuelli |first1=Luigi |last2=Comina |first2=Cesare |last3=Catanzariti |first3=Gianluca |last4=Barsuglia |first4=Filippo |last5=Morelli |first5=Gianfranco |last6=Porcelli |first6=Francesco |title=The third KV62 radar scan: Searching for hidden chambers adjacent to Tutankhamun's tomb |journal=Journal of Cultural Heritage |volume=39 |date=May 2019 |page=8 |doi=10.1016/j.culher.2019.04.001 |s2cid=164859865 }}</ref><ref name="Sambuelli et al 2019 p.9">{{cite journal |last1=Sambuelli |first1=Luigi |last2=Comina |first2=Cesare |last3=Catanzariti |first3=Gianluca |last4=Barsuglia |first4=Filippo |last5=Morelli |first5=Gianfranco |last6=Porcelli |first6=Francesco |title=The third KV62 radar scan: Searching for hidden chambers adjacent to Tutankhamun's tomb |journal=Journal of Cultural Heritage |volume=39 |date=May 2019 |page=9 |doi=10.1016/j.culher.2019.04.001 |s2cid=164859865 }}</ref>

In 1898, French archeologist [[Victor Loret]] found two female mummies among those cached inside the tomb of [[Amenhotep II]] in [[KV35]] in the [[Valley of the Kings]]. These two mummies, known as '[[The Elder Lady]]' and '[[The Younger Lady (mummy)|The Younger Lady]]', were identified as likely candidates of her remains.

An article in ''[[Kmt (magazine)|KMT]]'' magazine in 2001 suggested that the Elder Lady might be Nefertiti.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Susan E. |last=James |title=Who is Mummy Elder Lady? |magazine=KMT |volume=12 |number=2 |date=Summer 2001 }}</ref> However, it was subsequently shown that the 'Elder Lady' is in fact [[Tiye]], mother of Akhenaten. A lock of hair found in a coffinette bearing an inscription naming Queen Tiye proved a near perfect match to the hair of the 'Elder Lady'.<ref name="Harris et al 1978 p.1151">{{cite journal |last1=Harris |first1=James E. |last2=Wente |first2=Edward F. |last3=Cox |first3=Charles F. |last4=El Nawaway |first4=Ibrahim |last5=Kowalski |first5=Charles J. |last6=Storey |first6=Arthur T. |last7=Russell |first7=William R. |last8=Ponitz |first8=Paul V. |last9=Walker |first9=Geoffrey F. |title=Mummy of the "Elder Lady" in the Tomb of Amenhotep II: Egyptian Museum Catalog Number 61070 |journal=Science |date=1978 |volume=200 |issue=4346 |pages=1149–51 |jstor=1746491 |bibcode=1978Sci...200.1149H |doi=10.1126/science.349693 |pmid=349693 }}</ref> DNA analysis confirmed that she was the daughter of Tiye's parents [[Yuya]] and [[Thuya]].<ref name="640-641">{{cite journal |pmid = 20159872|year = 2010|last1 = Hawass|first1 = Z.|title = Ancestry and pathology in King Tutankhamun's family|journal = JAMA|volume = 303|issue = 7|pages = 638–47|last2 = Gad|first2 = Y. Z.|last3 = Ismail|first3 = S.|last4 = Khairat|first4 = R.|last5 = Fathalla|first5 = D.|last6 = Hasan|first6 = N.|last7 = Ahmed|first7 = A.|last8 = Elleithy|first8 = H.|last9 = Ball|first9 = M.|last10 = Gaballah|first10 = F.|last11 = Wasef|first11 = S.|last12 = Fateen|first12 = M.|last13 = Amer|first13 = H.|last14 = Gostner|first14 = P.|last15 = Selim|first15 = A.|last16 = Zink|first16 = A.|last17 = Pusch|first17 = C. M.|doi = 10.1001/jama.2010.121|doi-access = }}</ref>

On 9 June 2003 archaeologist [[Joann Fletcher]], a specialist in ancient hair from the [[University of York]] in England, announced that Nefertiti's mummy may have been the Younger Lady. This theory was criticised by [[Zahi Hawass]] and several other Egyptologists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zahihawass.com/wc_no_discrimination.htm |title=Weekly Column - Dr. Zahi Hawass |date=27 September 2007 |access-date=8 June 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927131223/http://www.zahihawass.com/wc_no_discrimination.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> In a subsequent research project led by Hawass, the mummy was put through [[CT scan]] analysis and [[DNA]] analysis. Researchers concluded that she is Tutankhamun's biological mother, an unnamed daughter of [[Amenhotep III]] and Tiye, not Nefertiti.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Hawas |first1=Zahi |last2=Saleem |first2=Sahar N. |title=Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies |date=2016 |publisher=The American University in Cairo Press |location=New York |isbn=978-977-416-673-0 |page=123}}</ref>

===KV21B mummy===
{{Main|KV21#KV21B}}
One of the two female mummies found in [[KV21]] has been suggested as the body of Nefertiti. DNA analysis did not yield enough data to make a definitive identification but confirmed she was a member of the [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Eighteenth Dynasty royal line]].<ref name="Hawass et al">{{cite journal |last1=Hawass |first1=Zahi |author-link1=Zahi Hawass |last2=Gad |first2=Yehia Z. |last3=Somaia |first3=Ismail |last4=Khairat |first4=Rabab |last5=Fathalla |first5=Dina |last6=Hasan |first6=Naglaa |last7=Ahmed |first7=Amal |last8=Elleithy |first8=Hisham |last9=Ball |first9=Markus |last10=Gaballah |first10=Fawzi |last11=Wasef |first11=Sally |last12=Fateen |first12=Mohamed |last13=Amer |first13=Hany |last14=Gostner |first14=Paul |last15=Selim |first15=Ashraf |last16=Zink |first16=Albert |last17=Pusch |first17=Carsten M. |date=February 17, 2010 |title=Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/185393 |access-date=May 24, 2020 |url-access=limited |journal=Journal of the American Medical Association |publisher=American Medical Association |location=Chicago, Illinois |volume=303 |issue=7 |pages=638–647 |doi=10.1001/jama.2010.121 |issn=1538-3598 |pmid=20159872|doi-access= }}</ref> CT-scanning revealed she was about 45 at the time of her death; her left arm had been bent over her chest in the 'queenly' pose. The possible identification is based on her association with the mummy tentatively identified as Ankhesenamun. It is suggested that just as a mother and daughter (Tiye and the Younger Lady) were found lying together in KV35, the same was true of these mummies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hawass |first1=Zahi |last2=Saleem |first2=Sahar N. |title=Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies |date=2016 |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |location=New York |isbn=978-977-416-673-0 |pages=132–142}}</ref>