Editing Naturism (section)

== Writers ==
Naturism was part of {{ill|Naturism (literary movement)|fr|Naturisme (mouvement littéraire)|lt=a literary movement}} in the late 19th century (see the writings of [[André Gide]]) that also influenced the art movements of the time, specifically [[Henri Matisse]] and other [[Fauvism|Fauve]] painters. This movement was based on the French concept of ''[[joie de vivre]]'', the idea of reveling freely in physical sensations and direct experiences and a spontaneous approach to life.{{sfn|Harrison|Perry|1993|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}

* [[Heinrich Pudor]] wrote on methods to improve social hygiene in his book {{lang|de|Nackende Menschen und Jauchzen der Zukunft}} ('Naked people and the rejoicing of the future') and then {{lang|de|Nacktkultur}} ('Nude Culture'). It prescribes an austere lifestyle and nudity.{{sfn|Anderson |2000}}
* Paul Zimmermann opened the Freilicht Park in Lübeck which was open to those who subscribed to {{lang|de|Nacktkultur}} principles.{{sfn|Anderson|2000}}
* [[Richard Ungewitter]] wrote {{lang|de|Die Nacktheit}} ('Nakedness') which sold 90,000 copies, prescribed a similar Utopian lifestyle, where everyone would be nude, eat only vegetables and abstain from alcohol and tobacco. In his Utopia, everyone was to be Germanic with blue eyes and blonde hair.{{sfn|Anderson|2000}}
* [[Adolf Koch]], a left-wing primary-school teacher, sought to use social nudity to free the people from "authority fixated conditioning which held proletarians in deference of their masters: parental authority, paternalism of the church, the mass media and organs of law and order."{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} He used Organic-Rhythmic exercises in Berlin schools in the 1920s. In 1932 there were about 100,000 Germans involved with naturism, of which 70,000 were in Koch's {{lang|de|Körperschülen}} schools.{{sfn|Anderson|2000}}
* {{ill|Hans Surén|de}} taught nude gymnastics to soldiers for five years, and on being forced to leave the army, he wrote (in 1924) {{lang|de|Der Mensch und die Sonne}} ('Man and the Sun') which ran to 61 reprints.{{sfn|Anderson|2000}}
* American writers [[Walt Whitman]]{{Sfn|Whitman|1883|p=104|ps=: "Somehow I seem'd to get identity with each and every thing around me, in its condition. Nature was naked, and I was also. It was too lazy, soothing, and joyous-equable to speculate about."}} and [[Henry David Thoreau]]{{sfn|Killingsworth|2004}} both wrote of nudity within the natural environment.