Editing Nature reserve (section)

=== Europe ===
[[File:Golyamata-Gramada.jpg|thumb|A bridged [[Stone run|stone river]] in [[Bistrishko Branishte]], an early Bulgarian nature reserve established in 1934]]

==== Denmark ====
Denmark has [[List of national parks of Denmark|three national park]]s and several nature reserves, some of them inside the national park areas. The largest single reserve is Hanstholm Nature Reserve, which covers {{convert|40|km2|acre|abbr=on}} and is part of [[Thy National Park]].

==== Sweden ====
In [[Sweden]], there are [[List of national parks of Sweden|30 national parks]]. The first of them was established in 1909.<ref>[https://www.sverigesnationalparker.se/en/national-park-facts/ "Sveriges nationalparker"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510173045/https://www.sverigesnationalparker.se/en/national-park-facts/|date=10 May 2021}}, Retrieved 16 July 2021</ref> There are almost 4,000 nature reserves in Sweden. They comprise about 85% of the surface that is protected by the Swedish Environmental Code.<ref>[https://www.sverigesnationalparker.se/en/national-park-facts/protected-nature-in-sweden/ "Sveriges nationalparker"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604000403/https://www.sverigesnationalparker.se/en/national-park-facts/protected-nature-in-sweden/ |date=4 June 2016 }}, Retrieved 14 May 2016</ref>

==== Estonia ====
[[File:Tarvasjõgi.jpg|thumb|The [[Tarvasjõgi|Tarvasjõgi river]] at [[Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve]] in [[Estonia]]]]

In Estonia, there are [[List of national parks of Estonia|five national parks]], more than 100 nature reserves, and around 130 landscape protection areas. The largest nature reserve in Estonia is [[Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve]], which covers {{convert|342|km2|acre|abbr=on}}.

==== France ====
As of 2017, [[France]] counts [[List of national parks of France|10 national parks]], around 50 [[Regional nature parks of France|regional nature parks]], and 8 [[marine parks]].

==== Germany ====
In 1995 [[Germany]] had 5,314 nature reserves ({{langx|de|[[Naturschutzgebiete]]}}) covering {{convert|6845|km2|abbr=on}}, the largest total areas being in Bavaria with {{convert|1416|km2|abbr=on}} and Lower Saxony with {{convert|1275|km2|abbr=on}}.

==== Hungary ====
[[File:Termeszetvedelmi terulet.JPG|thumb|Nature reserve near [[Budapest]], next to [[Lake Naplás]]]]

In Hungary, there are [[List of national parks of Hungary|10 national parks]], more than 15 nature reserves and more than 250 protected areas.
[[Hortobágy National Park]] is the largest continuous natural grassland in Europe and the oldest national park in Hungary. It is situated on the eastern part of Hungary, on the plain of the Alföld. It was established in 1972. There are alkaline grasslands interrupted by marshes. They have a sizable importance because there are the fishponds. One of the most spectacular sights of the park is the autumn migration of cranes. Some famous Hungarian animal species live in Hortobágy National Park, such as the grey cattle, racka long-wool sheep living only in Hungary, Hungarian horses and buffalo. Hortobágy National Park has been a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]] since 1 December 1999.

==== Kosovo ====
{{Main|Protected areas of Kosovo}}
In Kosovo, there are 2 [[national park]]s, 11 nature reserves, 99 [[natural monument]]s and 3 [[protected landscape]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Veselaj |first=Zeqir |last2=Mustafa |first2=Behxhet |date=2015-12-28 |title=Overview of Nature Protection Progress in Kosovo |url=https://landscape-online.org/index.php/lo/article/view/LO.201545 |journal=Landscape Online |volume=45 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.3097/LO.201545 |issn=1865-1542}}</ref> The national parks are [[Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park]] and [[Sharr Mountains National Park]].
[[File:Parku Kombëtar Bjeshkët Nemuna, Liqeni i madh ne Liqenat, Rugove.jpg|thumb|[[Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park]], one of two national parks in Kosovo]]

==== Poland ====
{{Main|Nature reserves in Poland}}
[[File:Szczeliniec Wielki 2007.jpg|thumb|Path on [[Szczeliniec Wielki]], a famous nature reserve in the [[Stołowe Mountains]] in SW Poland]]

As of 2011, Poland has 1469 nature reserves.<ref name=os2012-277>{{cite journal | editor =Dariusz Bochenek | title =Ochrona środowiska 2012 | journal =Ochrona Środowiska |url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/se_ochrona_srodowiska_2012.pdf | page =277 | publisher =Główny Urząd Statystyczny | location =Warszawa | issn =0867-3217 | access-date =29 December 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020172416/http://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/se_ochrona_srodowiska_2012.pdf | archive-date =20 October 2013 | url-status =live }}</ref>

==== Portugal ====
{{Main|Protected areas of Portugal}}
Nature reserves are one of the 11 types of protected areas in Portugal. As of 2012, Portugal had a total of 46 protected areas, which represented {{convert|6807.89|km2|abbr=on}} of land and {{convert|463.94|km2|abbr=on}} of marine surfaces. Among the protected areas, nine are classified as nature reserve ({{langx|pt|reserva natural}}).<ref>List of Protected areas in Mainland Portugal, Portuguese Forest and Nature Conservation Institute: {{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.icnf.pt/portal/ap |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104221419/http://www.icnf.pt/portal/ap |archive-date=4 November 2016 |title=Áreas Protegidas |website=INCF }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title =Áreas protegidas e Rede Natura ocupavam quase um quarto de Portugal continental em 2010 |date=12 January 2012 |website=PÚBLICO  |url=https://www.publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/areas-protegidas-e-rede-natura-ocupavam-quase-um-quarto-de-portugal-continental-em-2010-1528729 | access-date =1 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104022015/https://www.publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/areas-protegidas-e-rede-natura-ocupavam-quase-um-quarto-de-portugal-continental-em-2010-1528729 | archive-date =4 November 2016 | url-status =live }}</ref>

==== Romania ====
{{Main|Protected areas of Romania}}
About 5.18% of the area of Romania has a protected status ({{convert|12360|km2|abbr=on}}), including the [[Danube Delta]], which makes up half of this area (2.43% of Romania's total area).

==== Spain ====
{{See also|List of national parks of Spain}}

There are 15 National Parks, and around 90 Natural Parks in Spain. Spain is the country with the most sites listed in the [[World Network of Biosphere Reserves]].

==== Ukraine ====
There are 4 biosphere reserves (two of them are dated 1927 and 1874) and 17 nature reserves in Ukraine, covering {{convert|160000|ha|abbr=on}}. Ukraine administers [[List of national parks of Ukraine|40 national parks]], 2632 habitat management areas, 3025 nature monuments, and 1430 other preservations.

==== United Kingdom ====
There are some differences between the regulations for [[England]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Scotland]] and [[Wales]], which are separately managed.

At the end of March 2004, there were 215 [[national nature reserves in England]] with a total area of {{convert|879|km2|abbr=on}}. The reserves are scattered through England, from [[Lindisfarne]] in [[Northumberland]] to [[The Lizard]] in [[Cornwall]]. Nearly every rural county has at least one. Many national nature reserves contain nationally important populations of rare [[flower]]s, [[fern]]s and [[moss]]es, [[butterflies]] and other [[insect]]s, and nesting and wintering [[bird]]s. Examples include unique [[alpine plant]]s at [[Upper Teesdale]] and the field of [[Fritillaria meleagris|snake's head fritillaries]] at [[North Meadow, Cricklade]], [[Wiltshire]].

There are now over 1,050 [[local nature reserve]]s in England. They range from windswept coastal headlands, ancient woodlands and flower-rich meadows to former inner-city railways, long-abandoned landfill sites and industrial areas now re-colonized by wildlife. In total, they cover almost {{convert|40000|ha|abbr=on}}—a natural resource which makes an important contribution to England's [[biodiversity]]. A good example is [[Rye Harbour SSSI|Rye Harbour Nature Reserve]] in East Sussex, where a network of footpaths enables visitors to explore shingle, saltmarsh, saline lagoon, reedbed, and grazing marsh habitats.

Through the Natural Heritage (Scotland) Act 1991 the Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) was established in 1992 as a government body, responsible to the Scottish Government Ministers and through them to the Scottish Parliament. At 31 March 2008, there were 65 [[national nature reserve (Scotland)|Scottish national nature reserves]] with a total area of approximately {{convert|1330|km2|abbr=on}}. Section 21 of the [[National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949]] gives local authorities the exclusive statutory power to establish a [[List of local nature reserves in Scotland|local nature reserve]] in consultation with the SNH.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snh.org.uk |title=Scottish National Heritage (SNH) |access-date=27 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318034727/http://www.snh.org.uk/ |archive-date=18 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>