Editing Nanotechnology (section)

===Bottom-up approaches===
The bottom-up approach seeks to arrange smaller components into more complex assemblies.
*DNA nanotechnology utilizes Watson–Crick basepairing to construct well-defined structures out of DNA and other [[nucleic acid]]s.
*Approaches from the field of "classical" chemical synthesis (inorganic and [[organic synthesis]]) aim at designing molecules with well-defined shape (e.g. [[bis-peptide]]s<ref name="Levins">{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/chin.200605222|title=The Synthesis of Curved and Linear Structures from a Minimal Set of Monomers|year=2006| vauthors = Levins CG, Schafmeister CE |journal=ChemInform |volume=37 |issue=5 |url= https://figshare.com/articles/The_Synthesis_of_Curved_and_Linear_Structures_from_a_Minimal_Set_of_Monomers/3260635}}</ref>).
*More generally, molecular self-assembly seeks to use concepts of supramolecular chemistry, and molecular recognition in particular, to cause single-molecule components to automatically arrange themselves into some useful conformation.
*[[Atomic force microscopy|Atomic force microscope]] tips can be used as a nanoscale "write head" to deposit a chemical upon a surface in a desired pattern in a process called [[dip-pen nanolithography]]. This technique fits into the larger subfield of [[nanolithography]].
*[[Molecular-beam epitaxy]] allows for bottom-up assemblies of materials, most notably semiconductor materials commonly used in chip and computing applications, stacks, gating, and [[nanowire lasers]].