Editing Myelin (section)

====Myelin repair====
{{Further|Remyelination}}
Research to repair damaged myelin sheaths is ongoing. Techniques include surgically implanting [[oligodendrocyte precursor cell]]s in the central nervous system and inducing [[Remyelination|myelin repair]] with certain [[antibodies]]. While results in mice have been encouraging (via [[stem cell]] transplantation), whether this technique can be effective in replacing myelin loss in humans is still unknown.<ref name="pmid14702638">{{cite journal|vauthors=Windrem MS, Nunes MC, Rashbaum WK, Schwartz TH, Goodman RA, McKhann G, Roy NS, Goldman SA|title=Fetal and adult human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell isolates myelinate the congenitally dysmyelinated brain|journal=Nature Medicine|volume=10|issue=1|pages=93–97|date=January 2004|pmid=14702638|doi=10.1038/nm974|s2cid=34822879}}
*{{cite web |date=January 20, 2004 |title=Stem Cell Therapy Replaces Missing Myelin In Mouse Brains |website=FuturePundit |url=http://www.futurepundit.com/archives/001901.html |access-date=March 22, 2007 |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614173025/http://www.futurepundit.com/archives/001901.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Parasympathomimetic drug|Cholinergic treatments]], such as [[acetylcholinesterase inhibitor]]s (AChEIs), may have beneficial effects on myelination, myelin repair, and myelin integrity. Increasing cholinergic stimulation also may act through subtle trophic effects on brain developmental processes and particularly on oligodendrocytes and the lifelong myelination process they support. Increasing [[oligodendrocyte]] cholinergic stimulation, [[Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor|AChEIs]], and other cholinergic treatments, such as [[nicotine]], possibly could promote myelination during development and myelin repair in older age.<ref name="pmid17070782">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bartzokis G|title=Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may improve myelin integrity|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=62|issue=4|pages=294–301|date=August 2007|pmid=17070782|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.020 |s2cid=2130691}}</ref> [[GSK3B|Glycogen synthase kinase 3β]] inhibitors such as [[lithium chloride]] have been found to promote myelination in mice with damaged facial nerves.<ref name="pmid22355115">{{cite journal|vauthors=Makoukji J, Belle M, Meffre D, Stassart R, Grenier J, Shackleford G, Fledrich R, Fonte C, Branchu J, Goulard M, de Waele C, Charbonnier F, Sereda MW, Baulieu EE, Schumacher M, Bernard S, Massaad C|title=Lithium enhances remyelination of peripheral nerves|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=109|issue=10|pages=3973–78|date=March 2012|pmid=22355115|pmc=3309729|doi=10.1073/pnas.1121367109|bibcode=2012PNAS..109.3973M |doi-access=free}}</ref> Cholesterol is a necessary nutrient for the myelin sheath, along with [[vitamin B12]].<ref name="Petrov">{{cite journal|vauthors=Petrov AM, Kasimov MR, Zefirov AL|title=Brain Cholesterol Metabolism and Its Defects: Linkage to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Synaptic Dysfunction|journal=Acta Naturae|volume=8|issue=1|pages=58–73|date=2016|pmid=27099785|pmc=4837572 |doi=10.32607/20758251-2016-8-1-58-73}}</ref><ref name="Miller">{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller A, Korem M, Almog R, Galboiz Y|title=Vitamin B12, demyelination, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis|journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences|volume=233|issue=1–2|pages=93–97|date=June 2005|pmid=15896807|doi=10.1016/j.jns.2005.03.009 |s2cid=6269094}}</ref>