Editing Mullah Omar (section)

=== Opium production ===
{{Main|Opium production in Afghanistan}}
[[File:Afghanistan opium poppy cultivation 1994-2007b.PNG|thumb|right|350px|Afghanistan opium poppy cultivation, 1994–2007 (hectares). Before the [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|US invasion of Afghanistan]] in 2001, opium production was almost entirely eradicated (99%) by the Taliban.<ref name="drugpolicy2005">{{cite journal |last1=Farrell |first1=Graham |last2=Thorne |first2=John |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28576871 |title=Where Have All the Flowers Gone?: Evaluation of the Taliban Crackdown Against Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan |date=March 2005 |journal=[[International Journal of Drug Policy]] |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=81–91 |doi=10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.07.007 |via=[[ResearchGate]] |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Maziyar2019">{{cite book |last=Ghiabi |first=Maziyar |chapter=Crisis as an Idiom for Reforms |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HoOWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101 |year=2019 |title=Drugs Politics: Managing Disorder in the Islamic Republic of Iran |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=101–102 |isbn=978-1-108-47545-7 |lccn=2019001098 |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref>]]

Between 1996 and 1999, the Taliban controlled 96% of Afghanistan's poppy fields and made opium its largest source of taxation. Taxes on opium exports was the primary source of income for the Taliban during its rule and subsequent insurgency after 2001.<ref name="Chouvy1">{{Cite book |last=Chouvy |first=Pierre-Arnaud |title=Opium: uncovering the politics of the poppy |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2010 |pages=52ff}}</ref> In July 2000, Taliban leader Mohammed Omar, in an effort to eradicate [[heroin]] production in Afghanistan, declared that growing poppies was un-Islamic, resulting in one of the world's most successful anti-drug campaigns.<ref name="drugpolicy2005" /><ref name="Maziyar2019" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Jonathan |title=Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present |publisher=Reaktion Books |year=2019 |isbn=9781789140101 |pages=188 |language=English}}</ref> The Taliban enforced a ban on poppy farming via threats, forced eradication, and public punishment of transgressors. The result was a 99% reduction in the area of opium poppy farming in Taliban-controlled areas, roughly three-quarters of the world's supply of heroin at the time.<ref name="drugpolicy2005" /><ref name="Maziyar2019" /> The ban was effective only briefly due to the deposition of the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Taliban]] in 2001.{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=678}}{{sfn|Lee|2019|p=679}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Padshah |first1=Safiullah |last2=Gibbons-Neff |first2=Thomas |date=2022-04-03 |title=Taliban Outlaw Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/03/world/asia/taliban-opium-poppy-afghanistan.html |access-date=2022-04-03 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>