Editing Mosin–Nagant (section)

===World War I===
[[File:Defenders NGM-v31-p369-A.jpg|left|thumb|Russian Imperial infantry of World War I armed with Mosin–Nagant rifles]]
With the start of [[World War I]], production was restricted to the M1891 dragoon and infantry models for the sake of simplicity. Due to the desperate shortage of arms and the shortcomings of a still-developing [[Russian history, 1892–1917#Accelerated industrialization|domestic industry]], the Russian government ordered 1.5 million M1891 infantry rifles from [[Remington Arms]] and another 1.8 million from [[New England Westinghouse Company]] in the United States in 1915.<ref name="7.62x54r.net"/> Remington produced 750,000 rifles before production was halted by the 1917 [[October Revolution]]. Deliveries to Russia had amounted to 469,951 rifles when the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Russia–Central Powers)|Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] ended hostilities between the [[Central Powers]] and now Soviet-Russia. Henceforth, the new Bolshevik government of [[Vladimir Lenin]] cancelled payments to the American companies manufacturing the Mosin–Nagant (Russia had not paid for the order at any time throughout the Great War).

[[File:111-SC-42421 - NARA - 55244047 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Arkhangelsk]], Russia, November 20, 1918. The U.S. [[339th Infantry Regiment (United States)|339th Infantry Regiment]], equipped with Mosin-Nagant rifles, is inspected by British General [[Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside|Edmund Ironside]], commander of the [[North Russia intervention]] Force.]]
With Remington and Westinghouse on the precipice of bankruptcy from the Communists' decision, the remaining 280,000 rifles were purchased by the [[United States Army]]. American and British expeditionary forces of the [[North Russia Campaign]] were armed with these rifles and sent to [[Murmansk]] and [[Arkhangelsk]] in the late summer of 1918 to prevent the large quantities of munitions delivered for Tsarist forces from being captured by the Central Powers. Remaining rifles were used for the training of U.S. Army troops. Some were used to equip U.S. [[National Guard]], [[Student Army Training Corps|SATC]], and [[ROTC]] units.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Mosin-Nagant in U.S. Service |last=Canfield |first=Bruce N. |date=July 2008 |magazine=[[American Rifleman]] |pages=51–73}}</ref> Designated "U.S. Rifle, 7.62mm, Model of 1916", these are among the rarest of American service arms. In 1917, 50,000 rifles were sent via [[Vladivostok]] to the [[Czechoslovak Legions]] in [[Siberia]] to aid in their attempt to secure passage to France.

Many of the New England Westinghouse and Remington Mosin–Nagants were sold to private citizens in the United States before World War II through the office of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship, the predecessor to the federal government's current [[Civilian Marksmanship Program]].

Large numbers of Mosin–Nagants were captured by [[German Empire|German]] and [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] forces and saw service with the rear-echelon forces of both armies, and also with the [[Imperial German Navy]]. Many of these weapons were sold to Finland in the 1920s.