Editing Monarch (section)

===Monarchs in the Americas===
{{Further|Monarchies in the Americas}}
[[File:Jean Jacques Dessalines.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Jacques I of Haiti|Jacques I]], [[Emperor of Haiti]], 1804]]
[[File:Delfim da Câmara - D. Pedro II. 1875.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]], [[Emperor of Brazil]], by [[Delfim da Câmara]]]]
[[File:Atawallpa Pizarro tinkuy.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Francisco Pizarro meets with the Inca emperor [[Atahualpa]], 1532]]

The concept of monarchy existed in the Americas long before the arrival of European colonialists.<ref>[http://www.carsten-rex.de/History/history.html Canada: History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219053336/http://www.carsten-rex.de/History/history.html |date=2007-02-19 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.macleans.ca/switchboard/article.jsp?content=20031027_68038_68038 Ferguson, Will; ''The Lost Kingdom''; ''Macleans'', October 27, 2003] {{dead link|date=August 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> When the Europeans arrived they referred to these tracts of land within territories of different aboriginal groups to be kingdoms, and the leaders of these groups were often referred to by the Europeans as Kings, particularly hereditary leaders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/4Chiefs.html|title=Courtly Lives - Four Indian Kings|website=Angelfire |access-date=2007-01-30|archive-date=2019-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809102218/http://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/4Chiefs.html|url-status=live |author=Margaret Knight Sypniewska}}</ref>

Pre-colonial titles that were used included:
* [[Cacique]] – Aboriginal [[Hispaniola]] and [[Borinquen]]
* [[Tlatoani]] – [[Nahua peoples|Nahua]]s
* [[Ajaw]] – [[Maya civilization|Maya]]
* [[Qhapaq Inka]] – [[Inca Empire|Tawuantin Suyu]] (Inca Empire)
* Morubixaba – [[Tupi people|Tupi]] tribes
* Sha-quan – King of the world used in some Native American tribes

The first local monarch to emerge in North America after colonization was [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], who declared himself [[First Haitian Empire|Emperor of Haiti]] on September 22, 1804.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TiCam|date=27 September 2006|title=17 October: Death of Dessalines.|url=haitiwebs.com|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928222734/http://www.haitiwebs.com/emagazine/content/view/318/155/1/0/lang%2Cen/|archive-date=28 September 2007|website=haitiwebs.com}}</ref> Haiti again had an emperor, [[Faustin I of Haiti|Faustin I]] from 1849 to 1859. In South America, Brazil<ref>L Gomes. 1889: como um imperador cansado, um marechal vaidoso e um professor injustiçado contribuíram para a o fim da monarquia e programação da republica no Brasil. Globo Livros. 2013.</ref> had a royal house ruling as emperor between 1822 and 1889, under emperors [[Pedro I of Brazil|Pedro I]] and [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]].

Between 1931 and 1983, nine other previous British colonies attained independence as kingdoms. All, including Canada, are in a [[personal union]] relationship under a shared monarch. Therefore, though today there are legally ten American monarchs, one person occupies each distinct position.

In addition to these sovereign states, there are also a number of sub-national ones. In [[Bolivia]], for example, the [[Afro-Bolivian monarchy|Afro-Bolivian king]] claims descent from an African dynasty that was taken from its homeland and sold into slavery. Though largely a ceremonial title today, the position of ''king of the Afro-Bolivians'' is officially recognized by the government of Bolivia.

{| class="wikitable"
! Male title
! Female title
! [[Realm]]
!Examples
|-
|[[Emperor]]
|Empress
|[[Empire]]
|[[Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)|Haiti (1804–1806)]] & [[Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)|1849–1859)]], [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil (1822–1889)]], [[First Mexican Empire|Mexico (1821–1823)]] & [[Second Mexican Empire|1864–1867)]], [[Sapa Inca]]
|-
|King
|[[Queen regnant|Queen]]
|[[Monarchy|Kingdom]]
|[[Kingdom of Haiti|Haiti (1811–1820)]], [[Kingdom of Brazil|Brazil (1815–1822)]], [[Canada]], [[Jamaica]], [[the Bahamas]], [[Grenada]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], [[Antigua and Barbuda]], [[Belize]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
|}