Editing Mobile, Alabama (section)

===Climate===
[[File:KatrinaMobileCourthouseSteps.jpg|thumb|Flooding at the federal courthouse on Saint Joseph Street, three blocks from the waterfront, during [[Hurricane Katrina]] in 2005]]

Mobile's geographical location on the [[Gulf of Mexico]] provides a mild [[humid subtropical climate|subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''), with hot, humid summers and mild, rainy winters. The record low temperature was {{Convert|-1|F|C}}, set on February 13, 1899, and the record high was {{convert|105|F|C}}, set on August 29, 2000.<ref name="Feb Averages">{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/vacationplanner/wxclimatology/daily/36603 |title=February Daily Averages for Mobile, AL (36603) |publisher=NOAA |access-date=February 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113232346/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/vacationplanner/wxclimatology/daily/36603 |archive-date=November 13, 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Aug Averages">{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/vacationplanner/wxclimatology/daily/36603?climoMonth=8 |title=August Daily Averages for Mobile, AL (36603) |publisher=NOAA |access-date=February 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113061421/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/vacationplanner/wxclimatology/daily/36603?climoMonth=8 |archive-date=November 13, 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

A 2007 study determined that Mobile is the wettest city in the contiguous 48 states, with {{convert|66.3|in|sigfig=3}} of average annual rainfall over a 30-year period.<ref name="weatherbill">Thompsen, Andrea (May 22, 2007) "[http://www.livescience.com/environment/070518_rainy_cities.html Study Reveals Top 10 Wettest United States Cities.]"</ref> Mobile averages 120 days per year with at least {{convert|0.01|in|1}} of rain. Precipitation is heavy year-round. On average, July and August are the wettest months, with frequent and often-heavy shower and thunderstorm activity. October stands out as a slightly drier month than all others. [[Snow]] is rare in Mobile. The most recent snowfall event occurred [[January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard|January 21, 2025]], which produced record-breaking accumulations of up to 8.5 inches within the city and near-blizzard conditions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=US Department of Commerce |first1=NOAA |title=Historic January 21, 2025 Snowstorm |url=https://www.weather.gov/mob/2025_January_Snow |website=www.weather.gov |access-date=24 January 2025 |language=EN-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=herzmann |first1=daryl |title=KMOB Winter Storm Warning #1 |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/event/2025-O-NEW-KMOB-WS-W-0001/radar/USCOMP-N0Q-202501211200/tab/info/update/202501211917 |website=Iowa Environmental Mesonet |access-date=24 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The snowfall event previous to this one was on December 8, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KMOB/2017/12/8/DailyHistory.html|title=Weather History for Mobile, AL – Weather Underground|website=Wunderground.com|access-date=April 15, 2018}}</ref>

Mobile is occasionally affected by major tropical storms and hurricanes.<ref name="srg" /> The city suffered a major natural disaster on the night of September 12, 1979, when [[Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale|category-3]] [[Hurricane Frederic]] passed over the heart of the city. The storm caused tremendous damage to Mobile and the surrounding area.<ref name="hurricane1">{{cite web |title=Hurricane Frederic newspaper headlines courtesy of Hurricane City |work=Hurricane City |url=http://www.hurricanecity.com/Images/2-frederic.jpg |access-date=November 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025170631/http://www.hurricanecity.com/Images/2-frederic.jpg |archive-date=October 25, 2007}}</ref> Mobile had moderate damage from [[Hurricane Opal]] on October 4, 1995, and [[Hurricane Ivan]] on September 16, 2004.<ref name="HurIvan">{{cite web |title=Powerful Hurricane Ivan Roars Through Caribbean and United States Gulf Coast |work=Hurricane News |url=http://www.hurricaneville.com/ivan.html |access-date=January 28, 2010 |archive-date=February 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223044733/http://www.hurricaneville.com/ivan.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Mobile suffered millions of dollars in damage from [[Hurricane Katrina]] on August 29, 2005, which damaged much of the Gulf Coast cities. A storm surge of {{convert|11.45|ft|2}}, topped by higher waves, damaged eastern sections of the city with extensive flooding in downtown, the [[Battleship Parkway]], and the elevated [[Jubilee Parkway]].<ref name="HurKat">{{cite web |title=Extremely Powerful Hurricane Katrina leaves a Historic Mark on the Gulf Coast |work=National Weather Service Forecast Office Mobile/Pensacola |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mob/0805Katrina |access-date=May 9, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625184658/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mob/0805Katrina |archive-date=June 25, 2007}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Mobile, Alabama ([[Mobile Regional Airport]], 1991–2020 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1872–present)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 84
|Feb record high F = 85
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 94
|May record high F = 100
|Jun record high F = 103
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 105
|Sep record high F = 103
|Oct record high F = 98
|Nov record high F = 88
|Dec record high F = 85
|year record high F = 105
|Jan avg record high F = 75.7
|Feb avg record high F = 77.6
|Mar avg record high F = 83.0
|Apr avg record high F = 86.3
|May avg record high F = 92.2
|Jun avg record high F = 95.4
|Jul avg record high F = 96.7
|Aug avg record high F = 96.2
|Sep avg record high F = 93.8
|Oct avg record high F = 89.1
|Nov avg record high F = 82.0
|Dec avg record high F = 77.6
|year avg record high F = 97.8
|Jan high F = 61.5
|Feb high F = 65.6
|Mar high F = 71.8
|Apr high F = 77.8
|May high F = 84.9
|Jun high F = 89.4
|Jul high F = 90.9
|Aug high F = 90.8
|Sep high F = 87.5
|Oct high F = 79.7
|Nov high F = 70.2
|Dec high F = 63.5
|year high F = 77.8
|Jan mean F = 51.1
|Feb mean F = 55.0
|Mar mean F = 60.9
|Apr mean F = 66.9
|May mean F = 74.4
|Jun mean F = 80.1
|Jul mean F = 82.0
|Aug mean F = 81.9
|Sep mean F = 78.1
|Oct mean F = 69.0
|Nov mean F = 58.9
|Dec mean F = 53.3
|year mean F = 67.6
|Jan low F = 40.7
|Feb low F = 44.4
|Mar low F = 50.0
|Apr low F = 56.0
|May low F = 63.8
|Jun low F = 70.8
|Jul low F = 73.1
|Aug low F = 72.9
|Sep low F = 68.8
|Oct low F = 58.2
|Nov low F = 47.7
|Dec low F = 43.0
|year low F = 57.4
|Jan avg record low F = 22.7
|Feb avg record low F = 26.9
|Mar avg record low F = 31.9
|Apr avg record low F = 40.0
|May avg record low F = 50.0
|Jun avg record low F = 63.2
|Jul avg record low F = 68.6
|Aug avg record low F = 67.3
|Sep avg record low F = 56.8
|Oct avg record low F = 40.5
|Nov avg record low F = 30.8
|Dec avg record low F = 27.3
|year avg record low F = 21.0
|Jan record low F = 3
|Feb record low F = −1
|Mar record low F = 21
|Apr record low F = 32
|May record low F = 43
|Jun record low F = 49
|Jul record low F = 62
|Aug record low F = 57
|Sep record low F = 42
|Oct record low F = 30
|Nov record low F = 22
|Dec record low F = 8
|year record low F = -1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 5.66
|Feb precipitation inch = 4.47
|Mar precipitation inch = 5.44
|Apr precipitation inch = 5.71
|May precipitation inch = 5.39
|Jun precipitation inch = 6.55
|Jul precipitation inch = 7.69
|Aug precipitation inch = 6.87
|Sep precipitation inch = 5.30
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.95
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.60
|Dec precipitation inch = 5.45
|year precipitation inch = 67.08
|Jan snow inch = 0.0
|Feb snow inch = 0.0
|Mar snow inch = 0.1
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.0
|Dec snow inch = 0.1
|year snow inch = 0.2
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 9.9
|Feb precipitation days = 9.2
|Mar precipitation days = 8.7
|Apr precipitation days = 7.6
|May precipitation days = 8.0
|Jun precipitation days = 12.4
|Jul precipitation days = 14.9
|Aug precipitation days = 13.2
|Sep precipitation days = 9.2
|Oct precipitation days = 6.9
|Nov precipitation days = 7.7
|Dec precipitation days = 9.4
|year precipitation days = 117.1
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 0.1
|Feb snow days = 0.0
|Mar snow days = 0.1
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.1
|year snow days = 0.3
|Jan humidity = 74
|Feb humidity = 72
|Mar humidity = 72
|Apr humidity = 71
|May humidity = 74
|Jun humidity = 76
|Jul humidity = 78
|Aug humidity = 78
|Sep humidity = 77
|Oct humidity = 73
|Nov humidity = 75
|Dec humidity = 75
|year humidity = 75
|Jan sun = 158
|Feb sun = 155
|Mar sun = 211
|Apr sun = 255
|May sun = 300
|Jun sun = 287
|Jul sun = 246
|Aug sun = 254
|Sep sun = 233
|Oct sun = 254
|Nov sun = 193
|Dec sun = 145
|year sun=2691
|source 1 = [[NOAA]] (humidity 1981–2010)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mob
| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 9, 2021}}</ref><ref name="NCDC txt KMOB">{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00013894&format=pdf
| title = Station: Mobile, AL
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 9, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210618182752/https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/lcd/annual/2018/01201813MOB.pdf
| archive-date = June 18, 2021
| url = https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/lcd/annual/2018/01201813MOB.pdf
| title = Local Climatological Data Annual Summary with Comparative Data for Mobile, Alabama (KMOB)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/attachments/CCD-2018.pdf
| title = Comparative Climatic Data For the United States Through 2018
| publisher = NOAA
| access-date = July 28, 2020
| archive-date = September 19, 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200919104105/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/attachments/CCD-2018.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (sun, 1931–1960)<ref name=DMI>{{cite web|last1=Cappelen |first1=John |last2=Jensen |first2=Jens |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |work=Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960) |title=USA – Mobile, Alabama |publisher=Danish Meteorological Institute |language=da |page=316 |access-date=February 23, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116071752/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |archive-date=January 16, 2013}}</ref>
|date = February 2013}}
{{Weather box
|location = Mobile, Alabama ([[Mobile Downtown Airport]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 81
|Feb record high F = 86
|Mar record high F = 87
|Apr record high F = 90
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 102
|Jul record high F = 102
|Aug record high F = 102
|Sep record high F = 101
|Oct record high F = 98
|Nov record high F = 89
|Dec record high F = 82
|year record high F = 102

|Jan avg record high F = 74.5
|Feb avg record high F = 76.8
|Mar avg record high F = 81.5
|Apr avg record high F = 85.1
|May avg record high F = 92.2
|Jun avg record high F = 95.2
|Jul avg record high F = 96.7
|Aug avg record high F = 96.2
|Sep avg record high F = 94.2
|Oct avg record high F = 89.1
|Nov avg record high F = 82.4
|Dec avg record high F = 76.7
|year avg record high F = 97.8

|Jan high F = 62.1
|Feb high F = 65.8
|Mar high F = 71.8
|Apr high F = 77.9
|May high F = 85.0
|Jun high F = 90.0
|Jul high F = 91.7
|Aug high F = 91.9
|Sep high F = 88.8
|Oct high F = 81.3
|Nov high F = 71.6
|Dec high F = 64.3
|year high F = 78.5
|Jan mean F = 52.3
|Feb mean F = 55.9
|Mar mean F = 61.8
|Apr mean F = 68.3
|May mean F = 75.7
|Jun mean F = 81.5
|Jul mean F = 83.5
|Aug mean F = 83.6
|Sep mean F = 80.3
|Oct mean F = 71.1
|Nov mean F = 60.8
|Dec mean F = 54.6
|year mean F = 69.1
|Jan low F = 42.5
|Feb low F = 46.1
|Mar low F = 51.8
|Apr low F = 58.6
|May low F = 66.3
|Jun low F = 73.1
|Jul low F = 75.3
|Aug low F = 75.3
|Sep low F = 71.8
|Oct low F = 61.0
|Nov low F = 49.9
|Dec low F = 44.9
|year low F = 59.7

|Jan avg record low F = 24.0
|Feb avg record low F = 29.5
|Mar avg record low F = 34.1
|Apr avg record low F = 42.5
|May avg record low F = 51.7
|Jun avg record low F = 65.6
|Jul avg record low F = 69.9
|Aug avg record low F = 68.5
|Sep avg record low F = 59.1
|Oct avg record low F = 43.3
|Nov avg record low F = 32.7
|Dec avg record low F = 28.6
|year avg record low F = 22.9

|Jan record low F = 8
|Feb record low F = 13
|Mar record low F = 23
|Apr record low F = 36
|May record low F = 43
|Jun record low F = 55
|Jul record low F = 63
|Aug record low F = 60
|Sep record low F = 48
|Oct record low F = 34
|Nov record low F = 24
|Dec record low F = 12
|year record low F = 8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 5.19
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.77
|Mar precipitation inch = 5.11
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.86
|May precipitation inch = 4.42
|Jun precipitation inch = 5.78
|Jul precipitation inch = 6.57
|Aug precipitation inch = 7.14
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.47
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.80
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.13
|Dec precipitation inch = 5.28
|year precipitation inch = 60.52
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 11.3
|Feb precipitation days = 11.5
|Mar precipitation days = 11.4
|Apr precipitation days = 9.1
|May precipitation days = 8.5
|Jun precipitation days = 12.7
|Jul precipitation days = 14.4
|Aug precipitation days = 14.0
|Sep precipitation days = 8.9
|Oct precipitation days = 9.2
|Nov precipitation days = 10.4
|Dec precipitation days = 12.0
|year precipitation days = 133.4
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA/><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00013838&format=pdf
| title = Station: Mobile DWTN AP, AL
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 9, 2021}}</ref>
}}

====Christmas Day tornado====
[[File:House on Springhill Avenue Mobile 12-29-2012.jpg|thumb|A house on Springhill Avenue destroyed in the Christmas Day 2012 tornado]]
{{See also|Late December 2012 North American storm complex}}

In late December 2012, the city suffered two tornado hits.{{Clarify|date=July 2024|Please clarify when and/or where these two hits occurred.}} On December 25, 2012, at 4:54 pm, a large [[wedge tornado]] touched down in the city.<ref name="presstornado">{{cite web |url=https://www.al.com/live/2012/12/mobilians_assess_damage_move_t.html |title=Mobilians assess damage, move to action in wake of EF-2 tornado |date=December 26, 2012 |work=Press-Register |author=Michael Dumas |publisher=AL.com |access-date=December 5, 2021}}</ref> The tornado rapidly intensified as it moved north-northeast at speeds of up to {{convert|50|mph|0|abbr=on}}. The path took the tornado into [[Midtown Historic District (Mobile, Alabama)|Midtown]], causing damage or destruction to at least 100 structures. The heaviest damage to houses was along Carlen Street, Rickarby Place, Dauphin Street, [[Old Shell Road]], Margaret Street, Silverwood Street, and Springhill Avenue.<ref name="presstornado"/>

The tornado caused significant damage to the Carmelite Monastery, Little Flower Catholic Church, commercial real estate along [[Airport Boulevard (Mobile, Alabama)|Airport Boulevard]] and [[Government Street (Mobile, Alabama)|Government Street]] in the Midtown at the Loop neighborhood, [[Murphy High School (Alabama)|Murphy High School]], [[Trinity Episcopal Church (Mobile, Alabama)|Trinity Episcopal Church]], [[Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim (Mobile, Alabama)|Springhill Avenue Temple]], and Mobile Infirmary Hospital before moving into the neighboring city of Prichard.<ref name="presstornado"/> The tornado was classified as an [[Enhanced Fujita scale|EF2]] tornado by the [[National Weather Service]] on December 26.<ref name="presstornado"/>

The path taken through the city was just a short distance east of the path taken days earlier, on December 20, by an EF1 tornado which had touched down near [[Davidson High School (Mobile, Alabama)|Davidson High School]] and taken a path ending in Prichard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mob/?n=20121220_tornado_pns |title=NWS Damage Survey Results for 20 December 2012 Tornado Across The Mobile Metropolitan Area |work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office-Mobile/Pensacola |publisher=National Weather Service |access-date=December 26, 2012}}</ref>