Editing Milos (section)

===Ottoman period===
In 1566 the Venetians handed over the Duchy of Naxos to the [[Ottoman Empire]], and its last Catholic duke fled to Venice. The Ottoman sultan [[Selim II]] appointed a [[Marrano|Portuguese Jew]] named [[Joseph Nasi]] as its duke. Upon Nasi's death in 1579, the Ottomans formally annexed the territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.greeka.com/cyclades/milos/milos-history.htm|title=History of Milos island - Greeka.com|website=Greeka|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Femmes de MILO - Tournefort Joseph Pitton De - 1717.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Women's dress in the early 18th century.]]
In the early 18th century, the population surpassed 6,000<ref name=RenfrewWagstaff1982/> and was almost entirely Greek and Christian. It was ruled by Turkish judge or ''[[Kadi (Ottoman Empire)|kadi]]'', and a Turkish governor or ''[[voivode]]''. The ''voivode'' was responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing the decisions of the ''kadi''. The day-to-day affairs of the island were managed by three elected magistrates (''[[epitropos|epitropi]]''), although any of their decisions could be appealed to the ''kadi''. The island had two [[bishop]]s: one Greek Orthodox and one Latin Catholic. The Greek bishop was wealthier than his Latin counterpart, as he had a larger revenue base. Although the islanders enjoyed a great degree of autonomy, they chafed under the heavy taxation of their Ottoman overlords.<ref>{{harvp|Tournefort|1717|p=180-181}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Thompson|1752|loc=vol 1, p. 291-300}}</ref>

In 1771 the island was occupied by the [[Russian Empire]] for three years, then retaken by the Ottomans.

In the late 18th century, the population declined considerably for uncertain reasons.<ref>{{harvp|Renfrew|Wagstaff|1982|p=69}}</ref> By 1798, it had fallen below 500 people.<ref name=Olivier1801p156/> Visitors reported that up to two thirds of the buildings had fallen into ruin. It began growing again in the early 19th century, reaching 5,000 people by 1821.<ref name=RenfrewWagstaff1982p148/> Reliable figures are hard to find as the Ottoman Empire never performed a [[census]] before 1881.