Editing Michelangelo (section)

===Florence under Medici popes, 1513 – early 1534===
In 1513, Pope Julius II died and was succeeded by [[Pope Leo X]], the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici.<ref name=Bartz134/> From 1513 to 1516, Pope Leo was on good terms with Pope Julius's surviving relatives, so encouraged Michelangelo to continue work on Julius's tomb, but the families became enemies again in 1516 when Pope Leo tried to seize the [[Duchy of Urbino]] from Julius's nephew [[Francesco Maria I della Rovere]].<ref>Miles Unger, ''Michelangelo: a Life in Six Masterpieces'', ch. 5</ref> Pope Leo then had Michelangelo stop working on the tomb, and commissioned him to reconstruct the façade of the [[Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence|Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence]] and to adorn it with sculptures. He spent three years creating drawings and models for the façade, as well as attempting to open a new marble quarry at [[Pietrasanta]] specifically for the project. In 1520, the work was abruptly cancelled by his financially strapped patrons before any real progress had been made. The basilica lacks a façade to this day.<ref>Coughlan, pp. 135–36</ref>

In 1520, the Medici came back to Michelangelo with another grand proposal, this time for a family funerary chapel in the Basilica of San Lorenzo.<ref name=Bartz134/> For posterity, this project, occupying the artist for much of the 1520s and 1530s, was more fully realised. Michelangelo used his own discretion to create the composition of the [[Medici Chapel (Michelangelo)|Medici Chapel]], which houses the large tombs of two of the younger members of the Medici family, [[Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours|Giuliano, Duke of Nemours]], and Lorenzo, his nephew. It also serves to commemorate their more famous predecessors, [[Lorenzo the Magnificent]] and his brother Giuliano, who are buried nearby. The tombs display statues of the two Medici and allegorical figures representing ''[[Night (Michelangelo)|Night]]'' and ''[[Day (Michelangelo)|Day]]'', and ''[[Dusk (Michelangelo)|Dusk]]'' and ''[[Dawn (Michelangelo)|Dawn]]''. The chapel also contains Michelangelo's ''[[Medici Madonna]]''.<ref name="Goffen1999">{{cite journal|last=Goffen|first=Rona|title=Mary's Motherhood According to Leonardo and Michelangelo|journal=[[Artibus et Historiae]]|volume=20|number=40|year=1999|page=59|doi=10.2307/1483664|jstor=1483664}}</ref> In 1976, a concealed corridor was discovered with drawings on the walls that related to the chapel itself.<ref>Barenboim, Peter; Sergey Shiyan, [http://www.florentine-society.ru/Medici_Chapel_Mysteries.htm ''Michelangelo: Mysteries of Medici Chapel'', SLOVO, Moscow, 2006]. {{ISBN|5-85050-825-2}}.</ref><ref>Barenboim, Peter, "Michelangelo Drawings – Key to the Medici Chapel Interpretation", Moscow, Letny Sad, 2006, {{ISBN|5-98856-016-4}}.</ref>

Pope Leo X died in 1521 and was succeeded briefly by the austere [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]], and then by his cousin Giulio Medici as [[Pope Clement VII]].<ref>Coughlan, pp. 151–52.</ref> In 1524, Michelangelo received an architectural commission from the Medici pope for the [[Laurentian Library]] at San Lorenzo's Church.<ref name=Bartz134/> He designed both the interior of the library itself and its vestibule, a building utilising architectural forms with such dynamic effect that it is seen as the forerunner of [[Baroque architecture]]. It was left to assistants to interpret his plans and carry out construction. The library was not opened until 1571, and the vestibule remained incomplete until 1904.<ref>Bartz and König, p. 87.</ref>

In 1527, Florentine citizens, encouraged by the [[sack of Rome (1527)|sack of Rome]], threw out the Medici and restored the republic. A siege of the city ensued, and Michelangelo went to the aid of his beloved Florence by working on the city's fortifications from 1528 to 1529. The city fell in 1530, and the Medici were restored to power,<ref name=Bartz134/> with the young Alessandro Medici as the first Duke of Florence. Pope Clement, a Medici, sentenced Michelangelo to death. It is thought that Michelangelo hid for two months in a small chamber under the Medici chapels in the Basilica of San Lorenzo with light from just a tiny window, making many charcoal and chalk drawings which remained hidden until the room was rediscovered in 1975, and opened to small numbers of visitors in 2023. Michelangelo was eventually pardoned by the Medicis and the death sentence lifted, so that he could complete work on the Sistine Chapel and the Medici family tomb. He left Florence for Rome in 1534.<ref>{{cite news| last=Giuffrida | first=Angela | title=Michelangelo's secret sketches under church in Florence open to public |newspaper=The Guardian | date=31 October 2023 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/oct/31/michelangelo-secret-sketches-under-church-in-florence-open-to-public}}</ref> Despite Michelangelo's support of the republic and resistance to the Medici rule, Pope Clement reinstated an allowance that he had previously granted the artist and made a new contract with him over the tomb of Pope Julius.<ref>Coughlan, pp. 159–61.</ref>