Editing Michael Faraday (section)

===Diamagnetism===
[[File:Faraday with glass bar crop2.jpg|thumb|upright|Faraday holding a type of glass bar he used in 1845 to show magnetism affects light in [[dielectric]] material<ref>{{cite web|title=Detail of an engraving by Henry Adlard, based on earlier photograph by Maull & Polyblank ''ca.'' 1857|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp01529|publisher=[[NPR]]|location=National Portrait Gallery, UK}}</ref>]]
In 1845, Faraday discovered that many materials exhibit a weak repulsion from a magnetic field: an effect he termed [[diamagnetism]].<ref>James, Frank A.J.L (2010). ''Michael Faraday: A Very Short Introduction''. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-161446-7}}. p. 81.</ref>

Faraday also discovered that the plane of [[Polarization (waves)|polarization]] of linearly polarised light can be rotated by the application of an external magnetic field aligned with the direction in which the light is moving. This is now termed the [[Faraday effect]].<ref name="Pioneers"/> In Sept 1845 he wrote in his notebook, "I have at last succeeded in ''illuminating a magnetic curve'' or ''[[line of force]]'' and in ''magnetising a [[Ray (optics)|ray of light]]''".<ref>Day, Peter (1999). ''The Philosopher's Tree: A Selection of Michael Faraday's Writings''. CRC Press. {{ISBN|0-7503-0570-3}}. p. 125.</ref>

Later on in his life, in 1862, Faraday used a spectroscope to search for a different alteration of light, the change of spectral lines by an applied magnetic field. The equipment available to him was, however, insufficient for a definite determination of spectral change. [[Pieter Zeeman]] later used an improved apparatus to study the same phenomenon, publishing his results in 1897 and receiving the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics for his success. In both his 1897 paper<ref>{{Cite journal| title = The Effect of Magnetisation on the Nature of Light Emitted by a Substance | journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]  | year = 1897 | volume = 55 | page = 347 | author=Zeeman, Pieter | doi = 10.1038/055347a0|bibcode = 1897Natur..55..347Z | issue=1424| doi-access = free }}</ref> and his Nobel acceptance speech, Zeeman made reference to Faraday's work.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Pieter Zeeman, Nobel Lecture | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1902/zeeman-lecture.html | access-date =29 May 2008}}</ref>

====Faraday cage====
In his work on static electricity, [[Faraday's ice pail experiment]] demonstrated that the charge resided only on the exterior of a charged conductor, and exterior charge had no influence on anything enclosed within a conductor. This is because the exterior charges redistribute such that the interior fields emanating from them cancel one another. This shielding effect is used in what is now known as a [[Faraday cage]].<ref name="Pioneers"/> In January 1836, Faraday had put a wooden frame, 12&nbsp;ft square, on four glass supports and added paper walls and wire mesh. He then stepped inside and electrified it. When he stepped out of his electrified cage, Faraday had shown that electricity was a force, not an imponderable fluid as was believed at the time.<ref name="Field"/>