Editing Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (section)

===MGM cartoons===
{{Main|Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio}}
In animation, MGM purchased the rights in 1930 to distribute a series of cartoons that starred a character named [[Flip the Frog]], produced by [[Ub Iwerks]]. The first cartoon in this series (titled ''[[Fiddlesticks (1930 film)|Fiddlesticks]]'') was the first sound cartoon to be produced in two-color Technicolor. In 1933, Ub Iwerks canceled the unsuccessful Flip the Frog series and MGM began to distribute its second series of cartoons, starring a character named [[Willie Whopper]], that was also produced by Iwerks.{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}}

In 1934, after Iwerks' distribution contract expired, MGM contracted with animation producers/directors [[Harman and Ising|Hugh Harman and Rudolph Ising]] to produce a new series of color cartoons. Harman and Ising came to MGM after breaking ties with [[Leon Schlesinger]] and Warner Bros. and brought with them their popular ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' character, [[Bosko]]. These were known as ''[[Happy Harmonies]]'', and in many ways resembled the ''Looney Tunes''{{'}} sister series, ''[[Merrie Melodies]]''. The ''Happy Harmonies'' regularly ran over budget, and MGM dismissed Harman and Ising in 1937 to start its own [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio|animation studio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/harman-isings-little-buck-cheeser-1937/|title=Harman-Ising's "Little Buck Cheeser" (1937) {{!}}|website=cartoonresearch.com|access-date=February 8, 2019|archive-date=March 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314005007/http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/harman-isings-little-buck-cheeser-1937/|url-status=live}}</ref>

After initial struggles with a poorly received series of ''[[The Captain and the Kids (MGM animated series)|The Captain and the Kids]]'' cartoons, the studio rehired Harman and Ising in 1939, and Ising created the studio's first successful animated character, [[Barney Bear]]. However, MGM's biggest cartoon stars would come in the form of the cat-and-mouse duo [[Tom and Jerry]], created by [[William Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera]] in 1940. The ''Tom and Jerry'' cartoons won seven [[Academy Award]]s between 1943 and 1953. In 1941, [[Tex Avery]], another Schlesinger alumnus, joined the animation department. Avery gave the unit its image, with successes such as ''[[Red Hot Riding Hood]]'', ''[[Swing Shift Cinderella]]'', and the ''[[Droopy]]'' series.

Avery left the studio in 1953, leaving Hanna and Barbera to focus on the popular ''Tom and Jerry'' and ''Droopy'' series. After 1955, all cartoons were filmed in [[CinemaScope]] until MGM closed its cartoon division in 1957.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blog.bcdb.com/animation-history-timeline-5/|title=Animation History 5 – Feature Films through TV Series {{!}} Big Cartoon News|access-date=April 27, 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200524002131/https://blog.bcdb.com/animation-history-timeline-5/|archive-date=May 24, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1961, MGM resumed the release of new ''Tom and Jerry'' shorts, and production moved to Rembrandt Films in [[Prague]], [[Czechoslovakia]] (now the Czech Republic) under the supervision of [[Gene Deitch]], who had been hired away from [[Terrytoons]]. Although Deitch's ''Tom and Jerry'' cartoons were considered to be vastly inferior to the earlier Hanna and Barbera shorts, they did receive positive reviews in some quarters.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rotoscopers.com/2015/06/21/tom-and-jerry-the-gene-deitch-collection-dvd-review/ | title='Tom and Jerry: The Gene Deitch Collection' – DVD Review| publisher= Rotoscopers.com | first= Jonathan |last=North |date= June 21, 2015|access-date= November 6, 2015| archive-date= September 12, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912040746/http://www.rotoscopers.com/2015/06/21/tom-and-jerry-the-gene-deitch-collection-dvd-review/ | url-status=live}}</ref> In 1963, the production of ''Tom and Jerry'' returned to Hollywood under [[Chuck Jones]] and his [[MGM Animation/Visual Arts|Sib Tower 12 Productions]] studio (later absorbed by MGM and renamed [[MGM Animation/Visual Arts]]). Jones' group also produced its own works, winning an [[Academy Award|Oscar]] for ''[[The Dot and the Line]]'' (1965), as well as producing the classic television version of [[Dr. Seuss]]'s ''[[How the Grinch Stole Christmas!]]'' (1966) featuring the voice of [[Boris Karloff]]. ''Tom and Jerry'' folded in 1967, and the animation department continued with [[television special]]s and one feature film, ''[[The Phantom Tollbooth (film)|The Phantom Tollbooth]]''. A revived [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation]] was in existence from 1993 to 1999.