Editing Mass media in Romania (section)

===Television broadcasting===
{{main|Television in Romania}}
Television is the most popular entertainment media in Romania, and it gathers two thirds of all advertising funds (337 million euro in 2008). The National Study of TV Audience has registered almost 50 TV stations distributed nationwide, including general audience and specialised channels.<ref name=EJCtv>Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu, [http://ejc.net/media_landscapes/romania Romania #Television] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113035409/http://ejc.net/media_landscapes/romania |date=2016-01-13 }}, ''EJC Media Landscapes'', circa 2010</ref>

Romanian television is dominated by a small number of corporations, owning multiple TV channels as well as radio stations, newspapers and media agencies. Their television business is structured around a flagship channel and a number of smaller specialized, [[Niche market|niche]] channels. The biggest corporations of this kind are: 
*[[Intact Media Group]] (with [[Antena 1 (Romania)|Antena 1]]-[[Antena 5]]),
*[[Central European Media Enterprises]] (with [[Pro TV]], [[Acasă]], [[Pro Cinema]], [[Pro TV Internaţional]] and [[Sport.ro]])
*[[Realitatea-Catavencu]] (with [[Realitatea TV]], [[Romantica (TV channel)|Romantica]] and [[The Money Channel]])
*[[Centrul Național Media]] (with [[Național TV]], [[N24 (Romania)|N24]] and [[Favorit TV]])
*[[SBS Broadcasting Group]] (with [[Prima TV]] and [[Kiss TV]]).
There are many localized or franchised international channels (such as [[HBO]], [[MTV]], [[Cinemax]], [[AXN]], [[Cartoon Network (Europe)|Cartoon Network]]). Furthermore, there are a few independent and local broadcasters.

The TV [[public service broadcaster]] is [[Televiziunea Română]], with five channels ([[TVR 1]], [[TVR 2]], [[TVR 3]] with a regional focus, [[TVR Cultural]] and [[TVR Info]]). [[TVRi]] is the international channel. TVR also hosts regional stations based in Timișoara, Cluj, Targu Mures, Craiova and Iasi. TVR usually is slammed for being politicised (its president and board are nominated by the parliamentary majority) and for being based on a hybrid financing system, drawing from the state budget, a special TV tax, and advertising too. Civil society pressures to achieve depoliticisation of TVR have not yet been fruitful<ref name=EJCtv/>

Two private stations, [[Pro TV]] (owned by the [[Bermuda]]-based [[Central European Media Enterprises]]) and [[Antena 1 (Romania)|Antena 1]] (owned by [[Dan Voiculescu]]'s daughter), are market leaders, sharing about 32% of the market, with public television in the third place. A feature of Romanian Television after 2000 was the boom of specialized channels.

Television broadcasts and [[cable television]], [[frequency]] allocations, content monitoring and license allocation are done by the National Audiovisual Council ([[Consiliul Național al Audiovizualului]], CNA).

[[Romania]] has very high penetration rates for cable television in [[Europe]], with over 79% of all households watching television through a CATV network in 2007.<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [[Ziarul Financiar]], [http://www.zf.ro/articol_123324/romania_are_cea_mai_mare_rata_de_penetrare_a_televiziunii_prin_cablu_din_balcani_.html Romania are cea mai mare rata de penetrare a televiziunii prin cablu din Balcani] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711105602/http://www.zf.ro/articol_123324/romania_are_cea_mai_mare_rata_de_penetrare_a_televiziunii_prin_cablu_din_balcani_.html |date=2007-07-11 }} (''Romania has the highest penetration rates of cable TV in the [[Balkans]]'')</ref> The market is extremely dynamic, and dominated by two giant companies – [[Romania]]n based [[RCS&RDS]] and [[United States]] based [[UPC-Astral]]. Broadcast television is very limited because of the high penetration of cable. In the early 1990s, only two [[Romanian Television|state owned TV]] channels were available, one only in about 20% of the country. Private TV channels were slow to appear, because of lack of experience and high start-up costs. In this environment, cable TV companies appeared and thrived, providing 15-20 foreign channels for a very low price. Many small, startup firms gradually grew, and coverage increased (coverage wars were frequent in the early period). However, this period soon ended, with consolidation around 1995–1996 with gentlemen agreements between larger companies over areas of control and pricing, with claims of monopoly abounding. This process of consolidation was completed around 2005–2006, when only two big suppliers of cable remained: UPC-Astral and RDS. Cable TV is now available in most of the country, including most rural areas. Satellite digital TV appeared in 2004.