Editing Maryland (section)

====Civil War====
{{Main|Maryland in the American Civil War}}
[[File:Kurz & Allison - Battle of Antietam.jpg|thumb|The [[Battle of Antietam]] in 1862, one of the bloodiest battles of the [[American Civil War]], with nearly 23,000 casualties]]
The state remained in the Union during the [[American Civil War]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civilwarmonths.com/2016/04/29/maryland-remains-in-the-union/ |title=Maryland Remains in the Union |access-date=July 7, 2016 |date=April 29, 2016 |publisher=Walter Coffey |author=Walter Coffey |website=The Civil War Months |archive-date=August 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817135903/https://civilwarmonths.com/2016/04/29/maryland-remains-in-the-union/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> due in significant part to demographics and Federal intervention. The 1860 census, held shortly before the outbreak of the civil war, showed that 49% of Maryland's African Americans were [[free black|free]].<ref name="Kolchin">Peter Kolchin, ''American Slavery: 1619–1877'', New York: Hill and Wang, 1993, pp. 81–82</ref>

Governor [[Thomas Holliday Hicks]] suspended the state legislature, and to help ensure [[1861 Maryland gubernatorial election|the election]] of a new pro-union governor and legislature, President [[Abraham Lincoln]] had a number of its pro-slavery politicians arrested, including the Mayor of Baltimore, [[George William Brown (mayor)|George William Brown]]; suspended several civil liberties, including ''habeas corpus''; and ordered artillery placed on [[Federal Hill, Baltimore, Maryland|Federal Hill]] overlooking Baltimore.

In April 1861, Federal units and state regiments were attacked as they marched through Baltimore, sparking the [[Baltimore riot of 1861]], the first bloodshed in the Civil War.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vogler |first=Mark E. |title=Civil War Guard on duty in Baltimore to save President Street Station |url=http://www.eagletribune.com/punews/local_story_107204538.html |date=April 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090419134532/http://www.eagletribune.com/punews/local_story_107204538.html |archive-date=April 19, 2009 |url-status=dead |website=eagletribune.com |publisher=Eagle Tribune |access-date=April 28, 2015 }}</ref> Of the 115,000 Marylanders who joined the military during the Civil War, around 85,000, or 77%, joined the [[Union army]], while the remainder joined the [[Confederate Army]].{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} The largest and most significant battle in the state was the [[Battle of Antietam]] on September 17, 1862, near [[Sharpsburg, Maryland|Sharpsburg]]. Although a tactical draw, the battle was considered a strategic Union victory and a [[turning point of the American Civil War|turning point]] of the war.