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Margaret I of Denmark
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==Ambiguities concerning titles== [[File:Dronning Margareta PI XVIII 2.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Margaret's Norwegian seal, from a document dated 6 March 1388, [[Akershus]]. The inscription reads: '[... MA]RGARETA : DEI : GRATIA : REGINA : NORVEGIE : ET : SV[ECIE ...].' This translates as 'Margaret, [[by the Grace of God]], Queen of Norway and Sweden' with the remainder of the sentence lost to damage.]] In Denmark Margaret was called "sovereign lady and lord and guardian of the entire kingdom of Denmark" (Norway and Sweden later bestowed on her similar titles). This special, double-gendered title bestowed upon the holder the power and authority of a man (lord), of a woman (sovereign lady) and of the gender-neutral guardian. Later, when Erik was elected King of Norway in 1392, she renounced this title in Norway, and in 1396, when he was crowned as King of Denmark and Sweden, she stopped the use of this title altogether, although she continued as Regent.{{sfn|Jacobsen|pp=7–9}} She only styled herself Queen of Denmark in 1375, usually referring to herself as "Margaret, by the grace of God, daughter of Valdemar King of Denmark" and "Denmark's rightful heir" when referring to her position in Denmark. Her title in Denmark was derived from her father King [[Valdemar IV of Denmark]]. Others simply referred to her as the "Lady Queen", without specifying what she was queen of, but not so [[Pope]] [[Boniface IX]], who in his letter on 9 September 1390 styled her "our beloved daughter in Christ, Margaret, most excellent queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway". ("''Carissime in Christo filie Margarete Dacie Suecie et Norwegie regine illustri''".)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lange|first1=Christian Christoph Andreas|last2=Unger|first2=Carl Rikard|last3=Huitfeldt-Kaas|first3=Henrik Jørgen|last4=Storm|first4=Gustav|last5=Bugge|first5=Alexander|last6=Brinchmann|first6=Christopher|last7=Kolsrud|first7=Nils Oluf|title=Diplomatarium Norvegicum, Volume 5|date=1861|publisher=P.T. Malling|page=[https://archive.org/details/diplomatariumno01kolsgoog/page/n310 251]|url=https://archive.org/details/diplomatariumno01kolsgoog}}</ref> When she married [[Haakon VI of Norway]] in 1363, he was co-King of Sweden, making Margaret queen consort, and despite being deposed, they never relinquished the title. From 24 February 1389<ref name="colliers386"/> to 28 October 1412, she was Queen of [[Denmark]], [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]] and founder of the [[Kalmar Union]], which united the [[Scandinavia]]n countries for over a century. She acted as [[queen regnant]] of Denmark, although in those days it was not the Danish custom for a woman to reign.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schnith|first=Karl Rudolf|title=Frauen des Mittelalters in Lebensbildern|publisher=Styria|year=1997|page=396|isbn=3-222-12467-1|language=de}}</ref>
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