Editing Mali (section)

=== Northern Mali conflict ===
{{main|Mali War}}
{{Seealso|International Criminal Court investigation in Mali}}
[[File:Le Mali confronté aux sanctions et à lavancée des rebelles islamistes (6904946068).jpg|thumb|Tuareg separatist rebels in Mali, January 2012]]

In January 2012 [[Tuareg rebellion (2012)|a Tuareg rebellion]] began in northern Mali, led by the [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]] (MNLA).<ref>[http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Mali-clashes-force-120-000-from-homes-20120222 Mali clashes force 120 000 from homes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010190149/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Mali-clashes-force-120-000-from-homes-20120222 |date=10 October 2017 }}. News24 (22 February 2012). Retrieved 23 February 2012.</ref> In March, military officer [[Amadou Sanogo]] seized power in [[2012 Malian coup d'état|a coup d'état]], citing Touré's failures in quelling the rebellion, and leading to sanctions and an embargo by the [[Economic Community of West African States]].<ref>Callimachi, Rukmini (3 April 2012) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120404171138/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/post-coup-mali-hit-with-sanctions-by-african-neighbours/article2390504/ "Post-coup Mali hit with sanctions by African neighbours"]. ''Globe and Mail''. Retrieved 4 May 2012.</ref> The MNLA quickly took control of the north, declaring its independence as [[Azawad]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20120406-france-24-exclusive-tuareg-rebels-declare-independence-mlna-mali-ansar-dine-azawad |title=Tuareg rebels declare independence in north Mali |publisher=France 24 |date=6 April 2012 |access-date=28 July 2012 |archive-date=8 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408061146/http://www.france24.com/en/20120406-france-24-exclusive-tuareg-rebels-declare-independence-mlna-mali-ansar-dine-azawad |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Islamist groups, including [[Ansar Dine]] and [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb|Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)]], who had helped the MNLA defeat the government, turned on the Tuareg and took control of the north<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mali-crisis-idUSBRE85R15720120628 |title=Islamists declare full control of Mali's north |author=Tiemoko Diallo |author2=Adama Diarra |work=Reuters |date=28 June 2012 |access-date=28 July 2012 |archive-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815183330/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mali-crisis/islamists-declare-full-control-of-malis-north-idUSBRE85R15720120628 |url-status=live }}</ref> with the goal of implementing [[sharia]] in Mali.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h7XMRIbuZL6BjKF-U-RbRw5W30GA?docId=CNG.03a07b9823792a080c03447fb210148d.121 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216092840/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h7XMRIbuZL6BjKF-U-RbRw5W30GA?docId=CNG.03a07b9823792a080c03447fb210148d.121 |archive-date=16 December 2012 |title=Mali Islamists want sharia not independence |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=20 June 2012 |access-date=28 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ictj.org/publication/possibilities-and-challenges-transitional-justice-mali |title=Mali Possibilities and Challenges for Transitional Justice in Mali |agency=International Center for Transitional Justice |date=9 January 2014 |access-date=25 August 2016 |archive-date=18 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918152945/https://www.ictj.org/publication/possibilities-and-challenges-transitional-justice-mali |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 11 January 2013, the [[French Armed Forces]] [[Operation Serval|intervened]] at the request of the interim government of president [[Dioncounda Traoré]]. On 30 January, the coordinated advance of the French and Malian troops claimed to have retaken the last remaining Islamist stronghold of Kidal, which was also the last of three northern provincial capitals.<ref name="kidal retaken">{{cite news
| url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/01/30/french-troops-control-key-airport-in-north-mali/1876543/
| title = French Troops Retake Kidal Airport, Move into City
| access-date = 30 January 2013
| work = USA Today
| date = 30 January 2013
| archive-date = 30 January 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130130111918/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/01/30/french-troops-control-key-airport-in-north-mali/1876543/
| url-status = live
}} French troops retake the last remaining Islamist urban stronghold in Mali.</ref> On 2 February, French president [[François Hollande]] joined Dioncounda Traoré in a public appearance in recently recaptured Timbuktu.<ref name="BBC-Hollande Timbuktu">{{cite news |title=Mali conflict: Timbuktu hails French President Hollande |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21304079 |access-date=4 February 2013 |work=BBC News |date=2 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202191543/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21304079 |archive-date=2 February 2013 }}</ref>

[[File:Northern Mali conflict.svg|thumb|Map showing the fullest extent of rebel-held territory in January 2013]]
In August 2013, [[Ibrahim Boubacar Keita]] was elected as the new [[president of Mali]] in the second round of [[2013 Malian presidential election|the election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ibrahim Boubacar Keita wins Mali presidential election |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23677124 |work=BBC News |date=13 August 2013 |access-date=15 October 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120142538/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23677124 |url-status=live }}</ref>