Editing MDMA (section)

===Short-term===
Acute adverse effects are usually the result of high or multiple doses, although single dose toxicity can occur in susceptible individuals.<ref name="Current2013" /> The most serious short-term physical health risks of MDMA are [[hyperthermia]] and [[dehydration]].<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name="Hyponatremia" /> Cases of life-threatening or fatal [[hyponatremia]] (excessively low sodium concentration in the blood) have developed in MDMA users attempting to prevent dehydration by [[water intoxication|consuming excessive amounts of water]] without replenishing [[electrolytes]].<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name="Hyponatremia" /><ref name="hyperpyrexia">{{cite journal | vauthors = White CM | title = How MDMA's pharmacology and pharmacokinetics drive desired effects and harms | journal = Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 54 | issue = 3 | pages = 245–52 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24431106 | doi = 10.1002/jcph.266 | s2cid = 6223741 }}</ref>

The immediate adverse effects of MDMA use can include:

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* [[Bruxism]] (grinding and clenching of the teeth)<ref name=Betzler2017/><ref name="pmid22392347" /><ref name=Current2013 />
* [[Dehydration]]<ref name="pmid22392347"/><ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name="Hyponatremia" />
* [[Diarrhea]]<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" />
* [[Erectile dysfunction]]<ref name=Betzler2017/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Spauwen LW, Niekamp AM, Hoebe CJ, Dukers-Muijrers NH | title = Drug use, sexual risk behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among swingers: a cross-sectional study in The Netherlands | journal = Sexually Transmitted Infections | volume = 91 | issue = 1 | pages = 31–6 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25342812 | doi = 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051626 | quote = It is known that some recreational drugs (eg, MDMA or GHB) may hamper the potential to ejaculate or maintain an erection. | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* [[Hyperthermia]]<ref name=Betzler2017/><ref name="pmid22392347" /><ref name="Hyponatremia" />
* Increased wakefulness or [[insomnia]]<ref name=Betzler2017/><ref name="Acute amph toxicity" />
* Increased perspiration and sweating<ref name="Acute amph toxicity" /><ref name="Hyponatremia" />
* Increased [[heart rate]] and [[blood pressure]]<ref name=Betzler2017/><ref name="pmid22392347" /><ref name="Hyponatremia" />
* Increased [[Psychomotor agitation|psychomotor]] activity<ref name=Betzler2017/>
* Loss of [[appetite]]<ref name=Betzler2017/><ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects"/>
* Nausea and vomiting<ref name=Current2013 />
* Visual and auditory hallucinations (rarely)<ref name=Betzler2017/>
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Other adverse effects that may occur or persist for up to a week following cessation of moderate MDMA use include:<ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects" /><ref name=Current2013 />

; Physiological
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* Insomnia<ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects" />
* Loss of appetite<ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects" />
* Tiredness or lethargy<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/821572-overview#showall|title=MDMA Toxicity: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology|vauthors=Hahn IH|date=25 March 2015|website=Medscape|access-date=14 May 2016|archive-date=11 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511222711/http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/821572-overview#showall|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGeBj9U6Za8C|title=Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences and Treatment| vauthors = Parrott AC |date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4614-3375-0| veditors = Verster J, Brady K, Galanter M, Conrod P |page=179|chapter=13. MDMA and LSD }}</ref>
* [[Trismus]] (lockjaw)<ref name="Current2013" />
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;Psychological
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* [[Anhedonia]]<ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects" />
* Anxiety or paranoia<ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects"/>
* Depression<ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects" /><ref name="Current2013" />
* Impulsiveness<ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects" />
* Irritability<ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects" />
* Memory impairment<ref name="Current2013" />
* Restlessness<ref name="Toxnet MDMA after-effects" />
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