Editing Münster (section)

==Geography==

===Geographic position===
[[File:EinzugdesGesandten AdriaenPauw.jpg|thumb|[[Gerard ter Borch]]: Dutch envoy [[Adriaan Pauw]] enters Münster around 1646 for the peace negotiations resulting in the [[Peace of Westphalia]] (Stadtmuseum Münster)]]
Münster is situated on the river [[Münstersche Aa|Aa]], approximately {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=off}} south of its confluence with the [[Ems (river)|Ems]] in the so-called [[Westphalian Lowland|Westphalian Bight]], a landscape studded with dispersed settlements and farms – the "Münsterland". The [[Wolstonian Stage|Wolstonian]] [[Sedimentary rock|sediments]] of the mountain ridge called "Münsterländer Kiessandzug" cross the city from north to south. The highest elevation is the Mühlenberg in the northwest of Münster, 97&nbsp;metres [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. The lowest elevation is at the Ems, 44&nbsp;m [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. The city centre is 60&nbsp;m above sea level, measured at the [[Prinzipalmarkt]] in front of the historic city hall.

The Dutch city of [[Enschede]] lies about {{convert|65|km|0|abbr=on}} northwest of Münster. Other major cities nearby include [[Osnabrück]], about {{convert|44|km|0|abbr=on}} to the north, [[Dortmund]], about {{convert|61|km|0|abbr=on}} to the south, and [[Bielefeld]], about {{convert|62|km|0|abbr=on}} to the east.

Münster is one of the 42 [[Urban agglomeration|agglomeration areas]] and one of Germany's biggest cities in terms of area. But it includes substantial sparsely-populated rural districts which were formerly separate local government authorities until they were [[Amalgamation (politics)|amalgamated]] in 1975. Thus nearly half the city's area is agricultural, resulting in a low population-density of approximately 900 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>.
[[File:ModellMünster.jpg|thumb|Bronze model of Münster's city centre]]
[[File:A picture of the Aasee.jpg|thumb|Münster's Lake Aa]]

===Population density===
The city's built-up area is quite extensive. There are no skyscrapers and few high-rise buildings but very many detached houses and mansions. Still the population density reaches about 15,000 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup> in the city centre.<ref>{{cite web |author=Amt für Stadtentwicklung, Stadtplanung, Verkehrsplanung |url=http://www.muenster.de/stadt/stadtplanung/pdf/Darstellung_Stadtbezirke_Stadtteile_Stadtzellen_mit_Bevoelkerungsdichte_2005.pdf |title=Map of population density in the statistical areas |publisher=Stadt Münster}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, page 2</ref> Calculating the population density based on the actual populated area results in approximately 2890 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>[http://www.statlas.nrw.de Regional statistics for NRW] of Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik Nordrhein-Westfalen</ref>{{verify source|date=March 2018}}

Münster's urban area of {{convert|302.91|km2|2|abbr=out}} is distributed into {{convert|57.54|km2|2|abbr=out}} covered with buildings while {{convert|0.99|km2|2|abbr=on}} are used for maintenance and {{convert|25.73|km2|2|abbr=on}} for traffic areas, {{convert|156.61|km2|2|abbr=on}} for agriculture and recreation, {{convert|8.91|km2|2|abbr=on}} are covered by water, {{convert|56.69|km2|2|abbr=on}} is forested and {{convert|6.23|km2|2|abbr=on}} is used otherwise.<ref name=Stat2006>{{cite web |url=http://www.muenster.de/stadt/stadtplanung/pdf/Jahres-Statistik-2006.pdf |title=Jahres-Statistik 2006 Stadt Münster |language=de |trans-title=Yearly statistics 2006 City of Münster |publisher=City of Münster |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409040102/http://www.muenster.de/stadt/stadtplanung/pdf/Jahres-Statistik-2006.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2008}}</ref>{{rp|18}} The perimeter has a length of {{convert|107|km|0|abbr=off}}, the largest extend of the urban area in north–south direction is {{convert|24.4|km|1|abbr=on}}, in east–west direction {{convert|20.6|km|1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/a-bis-z.html |title=Von Aasee bis Zwinger – ein kleines Glossar |publisher=Stadt Münster |language=de |trans-title=From Aasee to Zwinger – a small glossary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504141921/http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/a-bis-z.html |archive-date=4 May 2008}}</ref>

===Climate===
A well-known saying in Münster is ''"Entweder es regnet oder es läuten die Glocken. Und wenn beides zusammen fällt, dann ist Sonntag"'' ("Either it rains or the church bells ring. And if both occur at the same time, it's Sunday."), but in reality the rainfall with approximately {{convert|758|mm|1|abbr=in}} per year is close to the average rainfall in Germany.<ref name=weatherDE/> The perception of Münster as a rain-laden city isn't caused by the absolute amount of rainfall but by the above-average number of rainy days with relatively small amounts of rainfall. The average temperature is {{convert|9.4|C|F|1}} with approximately 1500 sun hours per year.<ref name=weatherDE>{{cite web |url=http://kli.uni-muenster.de/de/weather/climate/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506093750/http://kli.uni-muenster.de/de/weather/climate/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 May 2006 |title=Klima in Münster |date=21 February 2006 |access-date=27 January 2010 |website=kli }}</ref> Consequently, Münster is in the bottom fifth in comparison with other German cities. The winter in Münster is fairly mild and [[snowfall]] is unusual. The temperature during summertime meets the average in Germany. The highest daily rainfall was registered on 28 July 2014: One weather station of the MeteoGroup reported a rainfall of {{convert|122.2|L/m2|abbr=on}}; the State Environment Agency registered at one of its stations {{convert|292|L/m2|abbr=on}} during seven hours.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unwetterzentrale.de/uwz/958.html |title=Unwetterlage Deutschland Ende Juli 2014 – Extremregen in Münster |publisher=Unwetterzentral |access-date=22 March 2017}}</ref> The record rainfall led to severe flooding throughout the city and the nearby [[Greven]].

{{Weather box	
| location = Münster ([[Münster Osnabrück Airport]]) (1991–2020 normals)	
| metric first = Y	
| single line = Y	
|Jan high C = 	5.2
|Feb high C = 	6.2
|Mar high C = 	10.1
|Apr high C = 	15.0
|May high C = 	18.9
|Jun high C = 	21.8
|Jul high C = 	24.2
|Aug high C = 	23.7
|Sep high C = 	19.5
|Oct high C = 	14.5
|Nov high C = 	9.1
|Dec high C = 	5.8
| year high C =	14.5
|Jan mean C = 	2.7
|Feb mean C = 	3.1
|Mar mean C = 	5.9
|Apr mean C = 	9.9
|May mean C = 	13.7
|Jun mean C = 	16.6
|Jul mean C = 	18.7
|Aug mean C = 	18.3
|Sep mean C = 	14.5
|Oct mean C = 	10.4
|Nov mean C = 	6.3
|Dec mean C = 	3.5
|year mean C = 	10.3
|Jan low C = 	0.0
|Feb low C = 	0.0
|Mar low C = 	1.9
|Apr low C = 	4.6
|May low C = 	8.2
|Jun low C = 	11.2
|Jul low C = 	13.4
|Aug low C = 	13.0
|Sep low C = 	9.9
|Oct low C = 	6.6
|Nov low C = 	3.3
|Dec low C = 	0.9
| year low C =	6.1
| precipitation colour = green	
|Jan precipitation mm = 	64.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 	49.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 	49.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 	40.5
|May precipitation mm = 	54.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 	63.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 	73.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 	78.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 	68.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 	63.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 	61.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 	67.8
| year precipitation mm =	735.7
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm	
|Jan precipitation days = 	17.6
|Feb precipitation days = 	15.8
|Mar precipitation days = 	15.4
|Apr precipitation days = 	13.5
|May precipitation days = 	13.7
|Jun precipitation days = 	14.9
|Jul precipitation days = 	15.2
|Aug precipitation days = 	15.2
|Sep precipitation days = 	14.3
|Oct precipitation days = 	15.6
|Nov precipitation days = 	17.8
|Dec precipitation days = 	19.1
|year precipitation days = 	188.1
|Jan sun = 	51.6
|Feb sun = 	73.3
|Mar sun = 	124.2
|Apr sun = 	178.4
|May sun = 	206.7
|Jun sun = 	203.2
|Jul sun = 	212.3
|Aug sun = 	193.3
|Sep sun = 	148.2
|Oct sun = 	108.8
|Nov sun = 	57.1
|Dec sun = 	44.2
|year sun = 	1597.6
|Jan humidity = 	85.5
|Feb humidity = 	82.2
|Mar humidity = 	76.9
|Apr humidity = 	69.8
|May humidity = 	69.3
|Jun humidity = 	71.1
|Jul humidity = 	71.0
|Aug humidity = 	73.2
|Sep humidity = 	79.6
|Oct humidity = 	83.8
|Nov humidity = 	87.1
|Dec humidity = 	87.3
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
|Jan snow days = 	4.6
|Feb snow days = 	3.6
|Mar snow days = 	1
|Apr snow days = 	0
|May snow days = 	0
|Jun snow days = 	0
|Jul snow days = 	0
|Aug snow days = 	0
|Sep snow days = 	0
|Oct snow days = 	0
|Nov snow days = 	0.5
|Dec snow days = 	3.3
|year snow days = 	
| source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012163333/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/MuensterOsnabrueck_10315.csv
| archive-date = 12 October 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/MuensterOsnabrueck_10315.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref>
}}

===Adjacent cities and districts===
Münster borders on the following cities and municipalities, named clockwise and beginning in the northwest: [[Altenberge]] and [[Greven]] ([[Steinfurt (district)|District of Steinfurt]]), [[Telgte]], [[Everswinkel]], [[Sendenhorst]] and [[Drensteinfurt]] ([[Warendorf (district)|District of Warendorf]]), as well as [[Ascheberg]], [[Senden]] and [[Havixbeck]] ([[Coesfeld (district)|District of Coesfeld]]).

===City boroughs===
[[File:Muenster (Westfalen) Stadtbezirke.png|thumb|Münster administrative districts. The darker parts represent the built-up areas of the city.]]

The city is divided into six administrative districts or [[Stadtbezirk]]e: "Mitte" (Middle), "Nord" (North), "Ost" (East), "West", "Süd-Ost" (South-East) and "Hiltrup". Each district is represented by a council of 19 representatives elected in local elections. Heading each council is the district mayor, or ''Bezirksvorsteher''. Every district is subdivided into residential quarters (''Wohnbereiche''). This official term, however, is not used in common speech, as there are no discrete definitions of the individual quarters. The term "Stadtteil" is used instead, mainly referring to the incorporated communities. The districts are also divided into 45 statistical districts.

The following list names each district with its residential and additional quarters. These are the official names, which partly differ from the usage in common speech.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hauptsatzung der Stadt Münster vom 21.12.1995 |language=de |url=http://www5.stadt-muenster.de/ortsrecht/dokumente/10_01.pdf |trans-title=Main constitution of the city of Münster on 21 December 1995 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409035848/http://www5.stadt-muenster.de/ortsrecht/dokumente/10_01.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2008}}</ref>

[[File:Muenster's parking building for bicycles.jpg|thumb|[[Bicycle parking station]], located at the Hauptbahnhof]]
[[File:Market Square Münster.jpg|thumb|Market Square Münster, Centre]]
[[File:Pablo Picasso Museum Münster.jpg|thumb|Pablo Picasso Museum Münster, popular for sightseeing tours]]

*'''[[Münster-Mitte|Mitte]]''':
**Kernbereich (Centre)
*'''[[Münster-Nord|Nord]]''':
**Münster-Coerde|Coerde
**[[Münster-Kinderhaus|Kinderhaus]]
**[[Münster-Sprakel|Sprakel]] with Sandrup
*'''[[Münster-Ost|Ost]]''':
**[[Münster-Dyckburg|Dyckburg]], consisting of Mariendorf and Sudmühle
**[[Münster-Gelmer|Gelmer]] with Gittrup
**[[Handorf (Münster)|Handorf]] with Kasewinkel, Kreuzbach, Laer, Dorbaum and Verth on the left bank of the [[Ems (river)|Ems]] and [[Werse]]
**Mauritz-Ost and Mondstraße, combined better known as [[Münster-St. Mauritz|St. Mauritz]]
*'''[[Münster-West|West]]''':
**[[Münster-Albachten|Albachten]]
**[[Münster-Gievenbeck|Gievenbeck]]
**[[Münster-Mecklenbeck|Mecklenbeck]]
**[[Nienberge]] with [[Münster-Häger|Häger]], Schönebeck and [[Münster-Uhlenbrock|Uhlenbrock]]
**[[Münster-Roxel|Roxel]] with Altenroxel and Oberort
**[[Münster-Sentrup|Sentruper Höhe]]
*'''[[Münster-Süd-Ost|Süd-Ost]]''':
**[[Münster-Angelmodde|Angelmodde]] with Hofkamp
**[[Gremmendorf]] with [[Loddenheide]]
**[[Münster-Wolbeck|Wolbeck]]
*'''[[Münster-Hiltrup|Hiltrup]]''':
**[[Münster-Amelsbüren|Amelsbüren]] with Sudhoff, Loevelingloh and Wilbrenning
**[[Münster-Berg Fidel|Berg Fidel]]
**[[Münster-Hiltrup|Hiltrup]]

The centre can be subdivided into historically evolved city districts whose borders are not always strictly defined, such as
*Aaseestadt
*Erphoviertel
*Geistviertel
*Hansaviertel
*Herz-Jesu-Viertel
*Kreuzviertel
*Kuhviertel
*Mauritzviertel
*Neutor
*Pluggendorf
*Rumphorst
*Schlossviertel
*Südviertel
*Uppenberg
*Zentrum Nord