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====Islam==== In [[Islam]], lust is considered one of the primitive states of the self, called the ''[[nafs]]''. In [[sufi psychology]], according to Robert Frager, ''nafs'' is an aspect of psyche that begins as our worst adversary but can develop into an invaluable tool.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Frager |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mlVbBgAAQBAJ |title=Heart, Self, & Soul: The Sufi Psychology of Growth, Balance, and Harmony |date=2013-09-20 |publisher=Quest Books |isbn=978-0-8356-3062-7 |language=en}}</ref> In the [[Quran]] there is a passage when Zuleikha admits that she sought to seduce prophet [[Joseph (Genesis)|Joseph]] (Arabic: Yousuf), and then prophet Joseph said: "''Yet I claim not that my soul was innocent -- surely the soul of man [nafs] incites to evil -- except inasmuch as my Lord had mercy; truly my Lord is All-forgiving, All-compassionate''." (Qur'an 12:53).<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ArberryKoran |title=The Koran Translated by A. J. Arberry |publisher=Macmillan |year=1955 |location=New York |pages=126 |language=English}}</ref> Al-Ghazali, in his major works [[The Revival of the Religious Sciences|''Ihya' Ulum al-Din'']] (The Revival of Religious Sciences), stated that ''nafs'' in this passage is the lowest state of the soul, called ''nafs al-ammara'' (evil soul); while the other states of the soul are ''nafs al-mulhama'' (questioning soul), ''nafs al-lawwama'' (self-accusing soul), and ''nafs al-mutmainna'' (contented soul).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghazali |first=Imam Abu Hamid Muhammad al- |url=https://www.amazon.com/Al-ghazalis-Ihya-English-Complete-Translation/dp/B007KKMISA |title=Al-ghazali's Ihya Ulum Ad Din New English Complete Translation |translator-last=al-Sharif |translator-first=Mohammad Mahdi}}</ref> Muslims are encouraged to overcome their baser instincts and intentional lascivious glances are [[haram|forbidden]]. Lascivious thoughts are [[makruh|disliked]], for they are the first step towards adultery, rape and other antisocial behaviors. The [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] also stressed the magnitude of the "second glance", as while the first glance towards an attractive member of the opposite sex could be just accidental or observatory, the second glance could be that gate into lustful thinking.<ref>[[Sahih al-Tirmidhi]],2701 "The Messenger of Allaah (Peace & Blessings of Allaah be upon Him) said: "O Ali, do not follow a glance with another, for you will be forgiven for the first, but not for the second.".</ref>
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