Editing Locative case (section)

====Czech====
The [[Czech language]] uses the locative case to denote location ({{lang|cs|v České republice}}, 'in the Czech Republic'), but as in the [[Russian language]], the locative case may be used after certain prepositions with meanings other than location ({{lang|cs|o Praze}}, 'about Prague', {{lang|cs|po revoluci}}, 'after the revolution'). Cases other than the locative may be used to denote location in Czech as well ({{lang|cs|U Roberta}}, 'at Robert's house' -genitive, or {{lang|cs|nad stolem}}, 'above the table' -instrumental).

The locative case (commonly called the 6th case) is the only one of the 7 Czech cases which cannot be used without a preposition. It is used with these prepositions:
* {{lang|cs|v}} ({{lang|cs|v místnosti}} = in the room, {{lang|cs|v Praze}} = in Prague). Using this preposition with the accusative case has a different meaning ({{lang|cs|v les}} = to the forest) and is regarded as archaic
* {{lang|cs|na}} ({{lang|cs|na stole}} = on the desk, {{lang|cs|to záleží na tobě}} = it depends on you). The use of this preposition with the accusative case has a different meaning ({{lang|cs|na stůl}} = to the desk).
* {{lang|cs|po}} (in different meanings: past, after, on, to, for, by). This preposition takes the accusative case in some meanings.
* {{lang|cs|při}} (by, nearby, with)
* {{lang|cs|o}} (about, of, on, for, at, during, by, with, over, against, using). This preposition with the accusative case has a different use and meaning ({{lang|cs|jedná se o to ≠ jedná se o tom}}).

If the preposition uses both accusative and locative case, the accusative is used for direction (where to) while locative for pure location (where). In case of the preposition {{lang|cs|o}} (about), this distinction can be very subtle and untranslatable, or depending on the controlling verb.

The locative form of substantives in the singular is mostly identical with the dative case (3rd case). Possible endings for locative case:
* -u (hard masculines: {{lang|cs|o pánu, hradu}}, hard neuters: {{lang|cs|městu}})
* -i (soft masculines: {{lang|cs|o muži, stroji, soudci}}, some neuters: {{lang|cs|moři}}, some feminines: {{lang|cs|růži, písni, kosti}})
* -ovi (animate masculines: {{lang|cs|o pánovi, mužovi, předsedovi, soudcovi}})
* -e ({{lang|cs|o lese, o Mařce}})
* -ě ({{lang|cs|na hradě, o ženě, o městě}})
* -eti ({{lang|cs|o kuřeti, knížeti}})
* -í ({{lang|cs|o stavení}})

For adjectives and adjectival substantives:
* -ém (-ým or -ym in Common Czech) for hard masculine and neuter adjectives ({{lang|cs|o mladém, vo mladým, o vrátném}})
* -m for soft masculine and neuter adjectives ({{lang|cs|o jarním, o průvodčím}})
* -é (-ý or -ej in Common Czech) for hard feminine adjectives ({{lang|cs|o mladé, vo mladý, vo mladej}})
* -í for soft feminine adjectives ({{lang|cs|o jarní}})

The locative form in the plural typically has the ending "-ch" ({{lang|cs|o mladých ženách}}), the dual has ending -ou ({{lang|cs|v obou dvou případech, na rukou}}).

See [[Czech declension]] for declension patterns for all Czech grammatical cases, including the locative.